Genetic analysis of the corolla tube merged degree and the relative number of ray florets in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.)
2018
Song, Xuebin | Zhao, Xiaogang | Fan, Guangxun | Gao, Kang | Dai, Silan | Zhang, Mengmeng | Ma, Chaofeng | Wu, Xiaoyun
Flower type is an important quality trait of ornamental plants. Mastering genetic variation in flower types is of practical significance for breeding improved flower types. Chrysanthemum (non-anemone type) flowers consist of several elements; both ray floret shape and the relative number of ray florets (RNRF) on the capitulum are very important factors. However, until recently, few reports have standardized chrysanthemum flower type evaluations, hindering the development of genetic studies of chrysanthemum flower types. In this study, as an important index of ray floret shape, the corolla tube merged degree (CTMD) was defined as the corolla tube length/ray floret length (CTL/RFL). In addition, the number of ray florets/number of florets (NRF/NF) was used to describe the RNRF on the capitulum. Major gene and polygene mixed inheritance analyses were conducted based on 2 F1 populations from 2 pairs of parents that strongly differed in the CTMD and RNRF. ANOVA revealed that all traits strongly significantly differed among the different hybrids, and correlation analysis revealed that the CTMD and RNRF might have evolved independently. Additionally, according to the Q-mode cluster analysis results, we divided the RNRF into 4 levels: single, semi-double I, semi-double II and double. Genetic analysis revealed that both the CTMD and RNRF could be described by a B-2 genetic model via two additive-dominance major genes. In addition, the heritability of the major genes for these traits was greater than 50%, indicating that the CTMD and RNRF were controlled mainly by genetic factors. These results will provide a new theoretical basis for further improvement and breeding of chrysanthemum flower types.
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