Monitoring and assessment of groundwater quality and its suitability for domestic and agricultural use in the Cenozoic rocks of Jammu Himalaya, India: A geospatial technology based approach
2019
Jasrotia, Avtar Singh | Taloor, Ajay Kumar | Andotra, Upasna | Kumar, Rajesh
Assessment of groundwater quality and suitability for domestic and agricultural purposes was carried out in the Cenozoic rocks of the Jammu Himalaya. The study area located in the foothills zones of the Himalaya which includes the rural as well as the major urban chunk of the Jammu region. The groundwater samples were collected from the study area, examined for detail hydrochemistry of cations and anions. The groundwater quality of study area classified as fresh water, normal chloride, normal sulphate, normal carbonate water and moderately hard. Based on chemical analysis of the various parameters such as non-carbonate hardness, sodium absorption ratio, sodium percentage, potential salinity, residual sodium carbonate, Kelly ratio, magnesium ratio, Chebotarev sequence, Gibbs ratio, index of base exchange and permeability were calculated. The results demonstrate that the hydrochemistry was dominated by the alkaline earth and weak acids. Graphical representation of the expanded Durov diagram shows the dominance of calcium bicarbonate indicates the recharging of water from the carbonate presents as cementing material in the sandstone aquifer. Chebotarev sequence indicates that in the bicarbonate water class, the evolution of ground water belongs to initial stage indicates the fresh water quality. Spatial analysis was performed using Arc GIS 10 software to attain the spatial distribution of various physical and chemical parameters in the study area which illustrate that groundwater is suitable for domestic as well as the irrigation purposes in most of the study area except few pockets. The overall groundwater quality of the study area shows that during the post monsoon period all constituents are high because of rock water interaction and rules out any major pollution from the extraneous sources.
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