Contribution of the breeding methods used by Rudolf Fleischmann to the development of the Ruma maize heterosis source
2005
Hadi, G.
The gene pool of Rumai 122, probably derived from Korai Arany (Early Golden, a name suggesting origin from Livingstone’s Early Golden or Early Golden Mastodon), appears to have arisen from genetic mixing between one or more Southern Dent varieties, probably of the Gourdseed type, imported from the Corn Belt in the 1890s, and the local (improved) Korai Bánáti Flint (Early Bánáti Flint) variety (Caribbean type, Old Hungarian Yellow, 8–12-row flint) grown on the Ruma estate. Ruma varieties were grown on around half the maize-growing area in Hungary for 30 years (1925–1955), and enjoyed much the same popularity in Yugoslavia. The varieties bred from the mother plant Rumai 122 in Yugoslavia were Rumai Yellow Dent, Vukovár Yellow Dent and Béllyei Yellow Dent, while those bred in Hungary were “F” Early Yellow Dent and “F” Mczőhegyes Yellow Dent. (The latter was also popular in Yugoslavia under the name Novisadski Flajsman.) As the result of Fleischmann’s breeding methods, not only were varieties with high yield potential and genetic stability developed from Ruma 122, but this strain also served as a source for the successful breeding of parental lines each used in the development of a number of commercial hybrids. A total of at least 22 first-cycle and 8 second-cycle lines of high value are known. These exhibited good combining ability with a wide range of lines, not only from the Corn Belt, but also from Europe (dent and flint alike). Due to their different origin and excellent combining ability, genetic sources that can be traced back to mother line Rumai 122 are regarded as an independent European source of heterosis.
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