A conserved primary salt tolerance mechanism mediated by HKT transporters: a mechanism for sodium exclusion and maintenance of high K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in leaves during salinity stress
2010
HAUSER, FELIX | HORIE, TOMOAKI
Increasing soil salinity is a serious threat to agricultural productions worldwide in the 21st century. Several essential Na⁺ transporters such as AtNHX1 and AtSOS1 function in Na⁺ tolerance under salinity stress in plants. Recently, evidence for a new primary salt tolerance mechanism has been reported, which is mediated by a class of HKT transporters both in dicots such as Arabidopsis and monocot crops such as rice and wheat. Here we present a review on vital physiological functions of HKT transporters including AtHKT1;1 and OsHKT1;5 in preventing shoot Na⁺ over-accumulation by mediating Na⁺ exclusion from xylem vessels in the presence of a large amount of Na⁺ thereby protecting leaves from salinity stress. Findings of the HKT2 transporter sub-family are also updated in this review. Subjects regarding function and regulation of HKT transporters, which need to be elucidated in future research, are discussed.
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