Use of molecular markers of reliable identification of Picea species: promising approaches and methods

With the growth of technology and the ability to work with genomic data, the identification and study of phylogenetic relationships of the genus Picea has become more accurate and efficient. However, clarification of the intraspecific classification of spruce is still controversial because of the morphological similarity and high degree of interbreeding between species. Moreover, the phylogenetic relationships between most taxa, in particular native species growing in the mountainous regions of southwestern China, remain poorly known. Spruce forests are of great importance both as habitat-forming elements of the biosphere and as objects of economic and economic activities. Therefore, the study of these species is an important task of modern science and practice. This paper details 2 groups of molecular markers used to identify Picea species and study their phylogenetic relationships. The first group includes markers based on the sequencing of taxonomically significant regions. This makes it possible to obtain more precise information on a particular species and its related relationships. The second group of markers is based on polymorphism of PCR products or restriction fragments. Such markers are also widely used to study genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Picea. The use of recent advances in genomics in the study of phylogenetic relationships in the genus Picea makes it possible to increase the accuracy and efficiency of such studies. This opens up broad prospects for further research on these forests and their special role in the biosphere. Thus, new technologies provide science with completely new opportunities in the study of spruce forests, which can significantly expand our understanding of natural architecture and its role in the life of the planet.