Comparison of common adverse neonatal outcomes among preterm and term infants at the National Referral Hospital in Tanzania: a case-control study

Bongcam Rudloff, Erik

Comparison of common adverse neonatal outcomes among preterm and term infants at the National Referral Hospital in Tanzania: a case-control study

2022

Bongcam Rudloff, Erik

Background: Neonatal period is a critical period in a child’s heath because it is associated with higher risk of adverse health outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess common adverse health outcomes and compare the risk of such outcomes between preterm and term neonates, in Tanzania. Methods: This was a case-control study involving infants admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital between August and October 2020. About 222 pairs of preterm and term infants were followed until discharge. Logistic regression was used to compare risk of health outcomes. Statistical sig-nificance was achieved at p–value < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Result: Preterm neonates had increased risk of mortality (OR = 7.2, 95% CI: 3.4----– 15.1), ap-nea (OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 3.4 – 15.1), respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 10.9, 95% CI: 6.1 – 19.6), necrotizing enterocolitis (OR = 5.5, 95% CI: 1.2 – 25.3), anemia (OR = 4.3, 95% CI: 2.8 – 6.6), pneumonia (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6 – 4.6) and sepsis (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.7 – 3.9). No dif-ference in risk of intraventricular hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus and jaundice was ob-served. Conclusion: For promoting neonates' health, prevention and treatment of the higher risk adverse neonatal outcomes should be prioritized.

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