Long-term historical characterization of French vineyard exposure to pests and diseases: a case study of the Bordeaux and Champagne regions
2024
Fermaud, Marc | Merot, Anne | Delbac, Lionel | Daraignes, Leslie | Fraysse, Marianne | Smits, Nathalie | Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE) ; Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM) ; Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Métaprogramme INRAe SUMCrop | INRAe - Laccave 2.0
International audience
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]anglais. The French agricultural warning service has historically published weekly reports and annual summaries of key pest and disease pressures (grouped and named “pests” hereafter). The summaries were based on a large number of plots, notably vineyards, monitored in different regions, with different local editions for each region. They constitute a highly valuable corpus of literature on pests' presence and overall damage in vineyards. We used this literature to develop a textual analysis and build an integrative grading system for annual pest occurrence over a long period (1961 to 2020) in the Bordeaux and Champagne regions. To reconstruct the pest occurrences over time in the two regions, we then established a long-term database of annual grades, including various grapevine diseases (mildews, rots, trunk diseases, etc.) and phytophagous or disease vector animals (moths, mites, scale insects, leafhoppers). In this paper, to present and illustrate the new methodology, we focus on two contrasting types of pests, i. e., two grape berry moth species (Lobesia botrana and Eupoecilia ambiguella) and two fungal diseases (rotbrenner and black rot). This tool can be very useful for characterizing the epidemiological status of various years and analysing long-term trends versus isolated events. This will allow us to better understand past pest evolutions and link them to biotic and/or abiotic contexts. This will help anticipate the necessary evolution of grapevine protection against quantitative and/or qualitative losses and adapt to global changes and regulatory or marketing evolutions.
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