Mass balance approach to assess the impact of cadmium decrease in mineral phosphate fertilizers on health risk: The case-study of French agricultural soils
2021
Carne, Géraldine | Leconte, Stéphane | Sirot, Véronique | Breysse, Nicolas | Badot, Pierre-Marie | Bispo, Antonio | Deportes, Isabelle Z. | Dumat, Camille | Rivière, Gilles | Crepet, A., A. | Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER) ; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) | Direction de l'évaluation des produits réglementés (DEPR) ; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) | Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) ; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) | InfoSol (InfoSol) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie (ADEME) | Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP) ; Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | We are grateful to the ANSES Expert Panels on “Health reference values”, “Fertilizers and growing media” and “Assessment of the physical and chemical risks in foods” for proofreading and validating this work. We are grateful to the INFOSOL-INRAE research unit for providing and authorising the use of French soil data.
International audience
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]anglais. Cadmium is a ubiquitous and highly toxic contaminant that can cause serious adverse effects.The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) have shown that the risk related to food contamination by cadmium cannot be ruled out in Europe and France. Fertilizing material is one of the main sources of cadmium contamination in the food chain on which regulators can play to reduce cadmium exposure in the population. The aim of this work was to develop a mass-balance approach integrating the various environmental sources of cadmium to estimate the effects of a decrease in cadmium concentrations in crop fertilizers on dietary exposure and on the health risk. This approach led to a predictive model that can be used as a decision-making tool. Representative and protective fertilization scenarios associated with controlled cadmium levels in mineral phosphate fertilizers were simulated and converted into cadmium fluxes.Cadmium inputs from industrial mineral phosphate fertilizers were then compared with cadmium brought by the application of manure, sewage sludge and farm anaerobic digest, at the levels typical of French agricultural practices. Regardless of the fertilizer and scenario used, a flux lower than 2 g Cd.ha-1.year-1 reduces both the accumulation in soils and the transfer of cadmium in the food chain. It corresponds to a cadmium content of 20 mg.kg P2O5-1 or less in mineral phosphate fertilizers. Modelling the transfer of cadmium from the soil to consumed food made it possible to propose cadmium limits in fertilizers applied in France. In a global context of ecological transition to promote human health, this research will help risk managers and public authorities in the regulatory decision-making process for the reduction of environmental cadmium contamination and human exposure.
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