Performance of selected molluscicides on paddy seed germination and mortality of Pomacea maculata
2023
Nura, A.M.R. | Mokthar, A.S. | Ismail, S.I. | Nasir, N.M. | Maznah, Z.
Pomacea maculata Perry, also known as black apple snail is one of the major pests that is greatly affecting farmers involved in rice industry in Malaysia since decades ago. Various methods have been implemented in reducing the population of this pest, with chemical control seems the most effective way in minimising them. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of selected molluscicides application on seed germination and mortality of black apple snails. Saponin emulsifiable concentrates (EC), saponin wettable powder (WP) two commercial molluscicides namely as niclosamide and fentin acetate as positive controls and water as negative control were used as treatments. Seeds from rice variety MR297 were soaked in 11 treatment solutions (T1:1 L/ha, T2: 3 L/ha, T3: 5 L/ha, T4: 7 L/ha, T5: 1 kg/ha, T6: 3 kg/ha, T7:5 kg/ha, T8: 7 kg/ha, T9: niclosamide, T10: fentin acetate and T11: control) overnight and placed on damp cotton wool in petri dish (90 mm in diameter). The germination percentage and shoot length were measured for seven consecutive days. All molluscicides treatments except niclosamide do not have significant effect on shoot length and germination rate of rice seeds. Snail mortality tests were conducted in both laboratory and glasshouse. There was a significant difference between treatments and cumulative mortality by time at p value 0.01 in laboratory condition. Study showed that there was no significant difference between all treatments which is 100% mortality at 3h after application. Based on the data obtained, the snails exposed to niclosamide achieved 100% of mortality at 2h. Data derived from glasshouse experiment stated that there were significant differences between treatments and cumulative mortality at 3h, 5h, 7h, 9h, 24h, 48h. 72h and 96h after application at p value 0.05. Overall, saponin botanical molluscicide showed great performances on paddy seed germination and mortality of P. maculata in comparing to chemical molluscicides.
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