Mapping landscape friction to locate isolated tsetse populations that are candidates for elimination
2015
Bouyer, Jérémy | Dicko, Ahmadou H. | Cecchi, Giuliano | Ravel, Sophie | Guerrini, Laure | Solano, Philippe | Vreysen, Marc J. B. | de Meeus, Thierry | Lancelot, Renaud | Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | West African Science Service in Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) ; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal] (UCAD) | Sub-Regional Office for Eastern Africa ; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [France] (FAO) ; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO) | Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bordeaux (UB) | Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) | Insect Pest Control Laboratory | Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES) | UE [FP7-261504 EDENext] ; Government of Italy through FAO [GTFS/RAF/474/ITA]
Tsetse flies are the cyclical vectors of deadly human and animal trypanosomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse control is a key component for the integrated management of both plagues, but local eradication successes have been limited to less than 2% of the infested area. This is attributed to either resurgence of residual populations that were omitted from the eradication campaign or reinvasion from neighboring infested areas. Here we focused on Glossina palpalis gambiensis, a riverine tsetse species representing the main vector of trypanosomoses in West Africa. We mapped landscape resistance to tsetse genetic flow, hereafter referred to as friction, to identify natural barriers that isolate tsetse populations. For this purpose, we fitted a statistical model of the genetic distance between 37 tsetse populations sampled in the region, using a set of remotely sensed environmental data as predictors. The least-cost path between these populations was then estimated using the predicted friction map. The method enabled us to avoid the subjectivity inherent in the expert-based weighting of environmental parameters. Finally, we identified potentially isolated clusters of G. p. gambiensis habitat based on a species distribution model and ranked them according to their predicted genetic distance to the main tsetse population. The methodology presented here will inform the choice on the most appropriate intervention strategies to be implemented against tsetse flies in different parts of Africa. It can also be used to control other pests and to support conservation of endangered species.
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