Environmental Drivers of Free-Living vs. Particle-Attached Bacterial Community Composition in the Mauritania Upwelling System

Saharan dust input and seasonal upwelling along North-West Africa provide a model system for studying microbial processes related to the export and recycling of nutrients. This study offers the first molecular characterization of prokaryotic particle-attached (PA; >3.0 μm) and free-living (FL; 0.2-3.0 μm) players in this important ecosystem during August 2016. Environmental drivers for alpha-diversity, bacterial community composition, and differences between FL and PA fractions were identified. The ultra-oligotrophic waters off Senegal were dominated by Cyanobacteria while higher relative abundances of Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes (known particle-degraders) occurred in the upwelling area. Temperature, proxy for different water masses, was the best predictor for changes in FL communities. PA community variation was best explained by temperature and ammonium. Bray Curtis dissimilarities between FL and PA were generally very high and correlated with temperature and salinity in surface waters. Greatest similarities between FL and PA occurred at the deep chlorophyll maximum, where bacterial substrate availability was likely highest. This indicates that environmental drivers do not only influence changes among FL and PA communities but also differences between them. This could provide an explanation for contradicting results obtained by different studies regarding the dissimilarity/similarity between FL and PA communities and their biogeochemical functions.

Fil: Bachmann, Jennifer. Universitat Bremen; Alemania. Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research; Alemania

Fil: Heimbach, Tabea. Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research; Alemania. Universitat Bremen; Alemania. Max Plank Institute for Marine Microbiology; Alemania

Fil: Hassenrück, Christiane. Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research; Alemania

Fil: Kopprio, Germán Adolfo. Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina

Fil: Iversen, Morten Hvitfeldt. Universitat Bremen; Alemania. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research; Alemania

Fil: Grossart, Hans Peter. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Alemania. University of Potsdam; Alemania

Fil: Gärdes, Astrid. Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research; Alemania