Nematodos anisákidos de interés en salud pública en peces comercializados en Valdivia, Chile | Anisakid nematodes of interest in public health in fishes commercialized in Valdivia, Chile

En Chile, la infección humana por larvas de nematodos anisákidos se asocia con el consumo de peces marinos crudos ("cebiche") o ahumados. Durante 1994 se examinó microscópicamente la musculatura de 125 peces marinos, distribuidos en 10 especies, comercializados para su consumo humano en la ciudad de Valdivia, Chile. Las siguientes especies de peces resultaron infectadas (peces infectados/examinados) con Anisakis simplex (As), Pseudoterranova decipiens (Pd) o Hysterothylacium sp. (H sp.), pescadas, Merluccius gayi (As 1/17, Pd 4/17), merluzas, Macrouronus magellanicus (Pd 1/4, H sp. 1/4), congrios colorados, Genypterus chilensis (Pd 9/18), lenguados, Paralichthys microps (As 1/10, Pd 7/10) y jureles, Trachurus murphyi (As 2/16, Pd 5/16). La totalidad de las larvas de anisákidos aisladas se encontraban vivas en la musculatura. El número máximo de anisákidos por pez (4 larvas) fue observado en M. gayi y T. murphyi. La densidad máxima de larvas/100 g de musculatura alcanzó a 3,3 parásitos en P. microps. El número de parásitos en los hospedadores examinados fue escaso, pero su presencia en peces frescos comercializados en Valdivia, sin previa congelación o inspección sanitaria, significa un riesgo potencial

In Chile, infection by Anisakid nematodes has been reported in humans associated with raw ("cebiche") and smoked marine fishes consumption. During 1994, 125 fresh marine fishes commercialized in markets from Valdivia, Chile, were microscopically examined for anisakids in the musculature. From the 10 species examined the following fish species were infected (n of infected/examined fishes) with Anisakis simplex (As), Pseudoterranova decipiens (Pd) and Hysterothylacium sp. (H sp.): the Chilean hake, Merluccius gayi (As 1/17; Pd 4/17), the tail-hake, Macrouronus magellanicus (Pd 1/4; H sp. 1/4), the red-conger-eel, Genypterus chilensis (Pd 9/18), the flat-fish, Paralichthys microps (As 1/10; Pd 7/10) and the Chilean mackerel, Trachurus murphyi (As 2/16; Pd 5/16). All isolated anisakid larvae were alive. The highest number of anisakid per fish (4 larvae) was detected in M. gayi and T. murphyi but the highest density, 3.3 worms/100 g of muscles, was observed in P. microps. The number of parasites was scarce, but their presence in the commercialized fishes in Valdivia, without freezing or sanitary inspection represents a potential risk