Happy Feet in a Hostile World? The Future of Penguins Depends on Proactive Management of Current and Expected Threats
2019
Ropert‐coudert, Yan | Chiaradia, André | Ainley, David | Barbosa, Andre | Boersma, P. Dee | Brasso, Rebecka | Dewar, Meagan | Ellenberg, Ursula | García-Borboroglu, Pablo | Emmerson, Louise | Hickcox, Rachel | Jenouvrier, Stéphanie | Kato, Akiko | Mcintosh, Rebecca Ruth | Lewis, Phoebe | Ramírez, Francisco | Ruoppolo, Valeria | Ryan, Peter, Y. A. | Seddon, Philip | Sherley, Richard Brain | Vanstreels, Ralph | Waller, Lauren | Woehler, Eric | Trathan, Phil | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Research Department ; Phillip Island Nature Parks [Australia] | H.T. Harvey & Associates ; H.T. Harvey & Associates | Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales) ; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Global Penguin Society and Center for Ecosystem Sentinels [USA] ; University of Washington [Seattle] | Department of Zoology, Weber State University [USA] ; Weber State University (WSU) | School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences ; Federation University [Churchill, Australia] | Global Penguin Society and Department of Ecology [Australia] ; La Trobe University [Melbourne] | Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT) | Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) | University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande] | Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation ; RMIT University | Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciencies Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia ; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) | Aiuká [Brazil] | International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) [USA] | Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology ; University of Cape Town | Camborne School of Mines & Environment and Sustainability Institute ; University of Exeter | Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Marine Animals [Brazil] | Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology ; University of Western Cape | Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS) ; University of Tasmania [Hobart] (UTAS) | British Antarctic Survey (BAS) ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
International audience
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]anglais. Penguins face a wide range of threats. Most observed population changes havebeen negative and have happened over the last 60 years. Today, populations of 11penguin species are decreasing. Here we present a review that synthesizes detailsof threats faced by the world’s 18 species of penguins. We discuss alterations totheir environment at both breeding sites on land and at sea where they forage. Themajor drivers of change appear to be climate, and food web alterations by marinefisheries. In addition, we also consider other critical and/or emerging threats, namelyhuman disturbance near nesting sites, pollution due to oil, plastics and chemicals suchas mercury and persistent organic compounds. Finally, we assess the importance ofemerging pathogens and diseases on the health of penguins. We suggest that in the context of climate change, habitat degradation, introduced exotic species andresource competition with fisheries, successful conservation outcomes will require newand unprecedented levels of science and advocacy. Successful conservation storiesof penguin species across their geographical range have occurred where there hasbeen concerted effort across local, national and international boundaries to implementeffective conservation planning.
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