Republic of Peru - Environmental Sustainability : A Key to Poverty Reduction in Peru
2007
World Bank
This report on a key to poverty reduction in Peru identifies a number of cost-effective policy interventions that could be adopted in the short and medium term to support sustainable development goals as the Government of Peru attempts to combat the problems of inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene; urban air pollution; natural disasters; lead exposure; indoor air pollution; land degradation; deforestation; and inadequate municipal waste collection. The report has 10 chapters. Chapter I presents an overview of the report. Chapter 2 examines the evolution of Peru's environmental management framework over the last five decades. The analysis presented in Chapter 2 finds that the country has developed a considerable institutional capacity associated with important achievements in the areas of natural resource and biodiversity management. Chapter 3 analyzes the cost of environmental degradation in Peru. The analysis shows that the environment-related problems with the highest costs are, in decreasing order, inadequate water supply, sanitation, and hygiene; urban air pollution; natural disasters; lead pollution; indoor air pollution; soil degradation; inadequate municipal waste collection; and deforestation. Chapter 4 focuses on the health impacts of environmental degradation on both urban and rural communities. The chapter estimates the costs and benefits of various interventions to address waterborne diseases, indoor air pollution, and urban air pollution in Peru. Chapter 5 discusses problems associated with natural disasters, particularly floods and landslides. Chapter 6 analyzes the issues associated with the management of fisheries resources. Chapter 7 discusses the main challenges associated with the sustainable use of Peru's natural resources, particularly water, forests, biodiversity, and soils. Chapter 8 discusses sectoral environmental management in Peru, which has been fundamentally based on the environmental impact assessment (EM) system. The analysis finds that the effectiveness of EIA in Peru is, however, undermined by the lack of a uniform perspective regarding its objectives and usefulness. Chapter 9 reviews the environmental management framework in Peru and assesses the complex institutional system of checks and balances. Chapter I O presents the CEA's conclusions and recommendations. The conclusions stress that, while there has been considerable progress in the last decades in addressing the biodiversity conservation agenda, high urbanization rates suggest the need to increase emphasis on environmental health issues.
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