Actividad hipoglucemiante del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacón) en ratas con diabetes tipo 1 y 2

El Smallantus sonchifolius (yacón) es una planta natural de la región andina, utilizada popularmente para el control de la diabetes mellitus. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron; demostrar que el extracto hidroalcohólico al 10% p/v de las hojas del Smallantus sonchifolius (yacón) presenta actividad hipoglucemiante en ratas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, determinar su probable mecanismo de acción y dosis efectiva; demostrar que no presenta actividad hipoglucemiante en ratas con diabetes mellitus tipo 1; determinar sus posibles efectos adversos sobre variables bioquímicas y hematológicas en ratas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Para el estudio de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 se usaron 45 ratas machos, se determinaron los niveles de glucosa e insulina en sangre. Para el estudio de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 se usaron 24 ratas machos, se determinaron los niveles de glucosa en sangre, los efectos adversos a nivel bioquímico y hematológico. Los resultados, en la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 no hubo variación significativa de los niveles de glucosa en sangre (p maypr a 0.05), los niveles de insulina aumentaron significativamente (p menor a 0.05). En la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 los grupos de yacón y glibenclamida disminuyeron significativamente los niveles de glucosa (p menor a 0.001); los estudios de efectos adversos a nivel bioquímico no existe diferencia significativa (p mayor a 0.05) y, a nivel hematológico los niveles de hematíes, hemoglobina y hematocrito disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo del yacón (p menor a 0.05). Conclusiones; el extracto hidroalcohólico al 10% p/v de las hojas del Smallantus sonchifolius (yacón) presenta actividad hipoglucemiante en ratas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, su probable mecanismo de acción es por que mejoran las concentraciones de insulina en sangre, la dosis efectiva es entre 500 y 1000 mg/Kg de peso corporal, no presenta actividad hipoglucemiante en ratas con diabetes mellitus tipo 1, no presenta efectos adversos significativos.

The Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacón) is a natural plant of the Andean region, popularly it is used for the control of diabetes mellitus. The aims of this present study were the following: to prave that the hydroalcoholic extract 10% (p/v) of the Smallanthus sonchifolius’ leaves presents hypoglycemic activity in rats with diabetes mellitus type 2, moreover to determine its probable mechanism of action and its effective dose, furthermore to prove that the hydroalcoholic extract 10% (p/v) doesn’t present any hypoglycemic activity in rats with diabetes mellitus type 1, finally, another aim of this study was to determine its potentially adverse effects on biochemical and hematological variables in rats with diabetes mellitus type 2. For the study of diabetes mellitus type 1 were used 45 male rats, as a result it was determined the levels of glucose and insulin in the blood. Then for the study of diabetes mellitus type 2 were used 24 male rats, as a consequence it was determined the levels of blood glucose and the adverse effects at the biochemical and hematological. The results were the following in diabetes mellitus type 1 there was no significant variation in levels of blood glucose (p is more than 0.05), but the level of insulin had a significant increasing (p less than 0.05). And in type 2 diabetes mellitus group yacón and glibenclamide decreased significantly the level of glucose (p more than 0.001), studies of adverse effects on biochemical level there is no significant difference (p more than 0.05) and at blood levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels decreased significantly in the group’s yacón (p less than 0.05). In conclusión, the hydroalcoholic extract 10% of the Smallanthus sonchifolius presents hypoglycemic activity in rats with diabetes mellitus type 2, and its probable mechanism of action is by enhancing insulin concentrations in blood; moreover its effective dose is between 500 and 1000 mg/Kg body weight, however the hydroalcoholic extract doesn’t present hypoglycemic activity in rat with diabetes mellitus type 1, and it doesn’t present significant adverse effects.