Evaluación de alternativas para el manejo de mosca minadora de hojas (Hydrellia wirthi L.) En arroz bajo riego en la zona de Babahoyo

Rice is today one of the products of economic importance in the country, because it is the main source of food for the national population. This crop is attacked by many insects, some of which are considered pests and can cause great damage depending on the population levels and the severity of the attack. Among them is the miner fly or Hydrelia (Hydrellia wirthi), currently this species is causing serious economic problems in rice plantations in the province of Guayas, Manabí and Los Ríos. Due to excessive chemical control of this pest, deficiencies have been observed in some products that were previously very lethal. Contrary to what was expected given the diversity of paradigms and approaches, chemical control remains. The amount of active ingredient applied per unit of cultivated area continues to grow, although pesticides applied at very low doses have been developed in recent decades. The stated objective was to evaluate alternatives for the management of the leaf miner fly in irrigated rice in Babahoyo. The investigation was carried out on the land of the "La Ventura" Farm, a rice farm located in the Babahoyo canton. In the field work, an experimental design of "randomized complete blocks (BCA)" with factorial arrangement was used. The analysis of variance determined the significance between the treatments evaluated, the comparison of the means in the treatments was made with the Scheffé test at 1%. The response of the applied treatments on insect mortality was analyzed by the Probitt Method. The treatments were: Chlorpyrifos, Fipronil, Diazinon, Imidacloprid, Azadirachtin, Capsaicin + Glucosinates, cinnamic aldehyde and a control without application The management of the trial was based on recommendations given by INIAP, being the variables evaluated: population of larvae of Hydrellia wirthi, mortality corrected, Probitt analysis, percentage of mortality, percentage of damage, number of tillers/m², number of panicles/m², number of grains per spike, length of panicles, weight of 1000 seeds, yield per hectare and economic analysis. The results indicate that the larval populations were higher before the applications of the insecticides, presenting these ranges of 2-5 larvae per plant. The use of the damage threshold helps in the optimization of insecticide application. The pesticides-maintained control ranges between 75 and 78, except for Diazinon and Capsaicin+Glucosinates, which showed ranges greater than 94%. The products Diazinon 1.0 l/ha and Capsaicin+Glucosinates 0.5 l/ha reduce the populations of Hydrellia wirthi, with corrected control percentages of 94.44% and 94.64% in the field. All treatments achieved a decrease in the population of the treated insect, however, some of them did not achieve the desired minimum range of control.

Rice is today one of the products of economic importance in the country, because it is the main source of food for the national population. This crop is attacked by many insects, some of which are considered pests and can cause great damage depending on the population levels and the severity of the attack. Among them is the miner fly or Hydrelia (Hydrellia wirthi), currently this species is causing serious economic problems in rice plantations in the province of Guayas, Manabí and Los Ríos. Due to excessive chemical control of this pest, deficiencies have been observed in some products that were previously very lethal. Contrary to what was expected given the diversity of paradigms and approaches, chemical control remains. The amount of active ingredient applied per unit of cultivated area continues to grow, although pesticides applied at very low doses have been developed in recent decades. The stated objective was to evaluate alternatives for the management of the leaf miner fly in irrigated rice in Babahoyo. The investigation was carried out on the land of the "La Ventura" Farm, a rice farm located in the Babahoyo canton. In the field work, an experimental design of "randomized complete blocks (BCA)" with factorial arrangement was used. The analysis of variance determined the significance between the treatments evaluated, the comparison of the means in the treatments was made with the Scheffé test at 1%. The response of the applied treatments on insect mortality was analyzed by the Probitt Method. The treatments were: Chlorpyrifos, Fipronil, Diazinon, Imidacloprid, Azadirachtin, Capsaicin + Glucosinates, cinnamic aldehyde and a control without application The management of the trial was based on recommendations given by INIAP, being the variables evaluated: population of larvae of Hydrellia wirthi, mortality corrected, Probitt analysis, percentage of mortality, percentage of damage, number of tillers/m², number of panicles/m², number of grains per spike, length of panicles, weight of 1000 seeds, yield per hectare and economic analysis. The results indicate that the larval populations were higher before the applications of the insecticides, presenting these ranges of 2-5 larvae per plant. The use of the damage threshold helps in the optimization of insecticide application. The pesticides-maintained control ranges between 75 and 78, except for Diazinon and Capsaicin+Glucosinates, which showed ranges greater than 94%. The products Diazinon 1.0 l/ha and Capsaicin+Glucosinates 0.5 l/ha reduce the populations of Hydrellia wirthi, with corrected control percentages of 94.44% and 94.64% in the field. All treatments achieved a decrease in the population of the treated insect, however, some of them did not achieve the desired minimum range of control.

El arroz es hoy uno de los productos de importancia económica en el país, debido a que constituye la principal fuente de alimentación de la población nacional. Este cultivo es atacado por muchos insectos, algunos de los cuales son considerados plaga y pueden causar grandes daños dependiendo de los niveles poblacionales y la severidad del ataque. Entre ellos está la mosca minadora o Hydrelia (Hydrellia wirthi), actualmente esta especie está causando problemas económicos serios en plantaciones de arroz en la provincia del Guayas, Manabí y Los Ríos. Debido al excesivo control químico de esta plaga se ha observado deficiencias en algunos productos que antes eran muy letales. Contrariamente a lo que era de esperar dada la diversidad de paradigmas y enfoques, el control químico se mantiene. La cantidad de ingrediente activo aplicado por unidad de superficie cultivada continúa creciendo, aunque en las últimas décadas se han desarrollado plaguicidas que se aplican a dosis muy bajas. El objetivo planteado fue realizar la evaluación de alternativas para el manejo de mosca minadora de hojas en arroz bajo riego en Babahoyo. La investigación se ejecutó en los terrenos de la Granja “La Ventura” predio arrocero ubicado en el cantón Babahoyo. En el trabajo de campo se utilizó diseño experimental de “bloques completos al azar (BCA)” con arreglo factorial. El análisis de varianza determinó la significancia entre los tratamientos evaluados, la comparación de las medias en los tratamientos se hizo con la prueba de Scheffé al 1%. La respuesta de los tratamientos aplicados en la mortalidad de insectos fue analizada por el Método de Probitt. Los tratamientos fueron: Clorpirifos, Fipronil, Diazinon, Imidacloprid, Azadirachtina, Capsaicina + Glucosinatos, aldehído cinámico y un testigo sin aplicación El manejo del ensayo se basó en recomendaciones dadas por INIAP, siendo las variables evaluadas: población de larvas de Hydrellia wirthi, mortalidad corregida, análisis de Probitt, porcentaje de mortalidad, porcentaje de daño, número de macollos/m², número de panículas/m², número de granos por espiga, longitud de panículas, peso de 1000 semillas, rendimiento por hectárea y análisis económico. Los resultados indican que las poblaciones de larvas fueron mayores antes de las aplicaciones de los insecticidas, presentando estos rangos de 2-5 larvas por planta. La utilización del umbral de daño ayuda en la optimización de aplicación de insecticidas. Los plaguicidas mantuvieron rangos de control entre 75 y 78, con excepción de Diazinon y Capsaicina+Glucosinatos que mostraron rangos superiores al 94 %. Los productos Diazinon 1,0 l/ha y Capsaicina+Glucosinatos 0,5 l/ha, disminuyen las poblaciones de Hydrellia wirthi, con porcentajes de control corregidos de 94,44 % y 94,64 % en campo. Todos los tratamientos lograron disminución en la población del insecto tratado, sin embargo, alguno de ellos no logró el rango mínimo de control deseado.