A genome-wide portrait of Italy
2016
Raveane, A. | Montinaro, F. | Lancioni, H. | Mulas, A. | Grugni, V. | Cardinali, I. | Zoledziewska, M. | Aneli, S. | Baali, A. | Barlera, S. | Boncoraglio, G. | Brisighelli, F. | Blasio, Am. Di | Cherkaoui, M. | Gaetano, C. Di | Dugoujon, Jm. | Guerrera, S. | Kivisild, T. | Melhaoui, M. | Pagani, L. | Parolo, S. | Paschou, P. | Piazza, A. | Pascali, V. | Peyret-Guzzon, M. | Ricaut, Francois-Xavier | Stamatoyannopoulos, G. | Cucca, F. | Angius, A. | Torroni, A. | Metspalu, M. | Semino, O. | Hellenthal, G. | Matullo, G. | Achilli, A. | Olivieri, A. | Capell, C. | Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani" = Department of Biology and Biotechnology [Univ di Pavia] (DBB UNIPV) ; Università degli Studi di Pavia [Italia] = University of Pavia [Italy] = Université de Pavie [Italie] (UNIPV) | University of Oxford | Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG) | Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB) ; National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) | Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO) | Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF) | Faculté des Sciences Semlalia [Marrakech] ; Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA) | Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" = Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research (IRCCS) | Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta" | Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz] ; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) ; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) | Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) | Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA) ; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY) | Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)
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Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]anglais. <div><p>We performed a clustering model for K = 218 using ADMIXTURE [7] on 1,588 individuals belonging to the 20 italian regions combined with ~300 worldwide populations. The results are shown in Fig. 3. We identified five major ancestral components: blue, yellow, gray, green and violet. Overall, they are distributed homogeneously within regions, along a NorthSouth cline for entire Italian peninsula, with the exception of Sardinia. The blue component is present in all the Italian regions with high frequencies in Sardinia remarking its genetic peculiarity related to its isolation history and ancestry. The yellow component has high frequencies in the regions of Northern Italy, decreasing values in the Central regions, until reaching low frequencies in Southern Italy. Its distribution is modal in Northern and Central Europe reflecting their genetic affinity with neighbouring regions, as already reported in our f3 statistics analysis. An opposite distribution is evident in the violet component, in which highest frequencies are observed in the South with decreasing values in Northern Italy. This component is found AT high frequencies in North Africa and might represent the legacy of the Arab rule in Southern Italy. Finally, the grey and the green components, modal in Caucasian and Middle Eastern groups, could be the results of recent interactions between Italy and Eastern Europe or Western Asia.</p><p>The PC analysis in Fig. 4 is a summary of the genetic variability of Italy compared to the one of the Europe. Italy is stretched between the Mediterranean area (CyprusCYP) and West/Central Europe (SpainSPA and France FRA) with high affinity with Portugal, Switzerland and Corsica. Interestingly, we noticed a partial overlap between France and Valle d'Aosta, while individuals from Friuli Venezia Giulia are spread toward the Central Balkanic area. The Sardinian and Basque are wellknown examples of genetically differentiated populations [8] and diverge clearly from the rest of the continental samples in our plot. Similarly to the distribution of the Italian populations, a NorthSouth cline of individuals from the Balkanic regions is observed, with populations in the South and North closer to Southern and Central Europe,respectively.</p></div>
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