Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in urban rodents: a survey in Niamey, Niger
2013
Mercier, Aurélien | Garba, Madougou | Bonnabau, Henri | Mboub, Mamadou Kane | Rossi, Jean-Pierre | Dardé, Marie-Laure | Dobigny, Gauthier | Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET) ; CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST) ; Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM) | Centre Régional AGRHYMET (CRA) | Fac Sci ; Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey = Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey (UAM) | Direction Générale de la Protection des Végétaux | Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] (SIME) ; CHU Limoges | Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC) ; CHU Limoges | Dept Format Rech ; Centre Régional AGRHYMET (CRA) | CBGP (UMR IRD/INRA/Cirad-Montpellier SupAgro)
A serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii was conducted on 766 domestic and peridomestic rodents from 46 trapping sites throughout the city of Niamey, Niger. A low seroprevalence was found over the whole town with only 1.96% of the rodents found seropositive. However, differences between species were important, ranging from less than 2% in truly commensal Mastomys natalensis, Rattus rattus and Mus musculus, while garden-associated Arvicanthis niloticus displayed 9.1% of seropositive individuals. This is in line with previous studies on tropical rodents - that we reviewed here - which altogether show that Toxoplasma seroprevalence in rodent is highly variable, depending on many factors such as locality and/or species. Moreover, although we were not able to decipher statistically between habitat or species effect, such a contrast between Nile grass rats and the other rodent species points towards a potentially important role of environmental toxoplasmic infection. This would deserve to be further scrutinised since intra-city irrigated cultures are extending in Niamey, thus potentially increasing Toxoplasma circulation in this yet semi-arid region. As far as we are aware of, our study is one of the rare surveys of its kind performed in Sub-Saharan Africa and the first one ever conducted in the Sahel.
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