Global sampling of plant roots expands the described molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
2013
Oepik, Maarja | Zobel, Martin | Cantero, Juan J. | Davison, John | Facelli, Jose M. | Hiiesalu, Inga | Jairus, Teele | Kalwij, Jesse M. | Koorem, Kadri | Leal, Miguel E. | Liira, Jaan | Metsis, Madis | Neshataeva, Valentina | Paal, Jaanus | Phosri, Cherdchai | Polme, Sergei | Reier, Uelle | Saks, Uelle | Schimann, Heidy | Thiery, Odile | Vasar, Martti | Moora, Mari | Dept.Bot ; Tartu Ülikool = University of Tartu [Estonie] | Dept Bot ; Faculty of Science and Technology [University of Tartu] ; Tartu Ülikool = University of Tartu [Estonie]-Tartu Ülikool = University of Tartu [Estonie] | Dept Biol Agr, Fac Agron & Vet ; National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) | Sch Earth & Environm Sci ; University of Adelaide | Dept Biol ; University of Regina (UR) | Dept Bio ; Faculty of Science and Technology [University of Tartu] ; Tartu Ülikool = University of Tartu [Estonie]-Tartu Ülikool = University of Tartu [Estonie] | Albertine Rift Program ; Wildlife Conservat Soc | Cent Africa Program ; Missouri Botanical Garden | Ctr Biol Integrated Syst ; Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech) | Komarov Bot Inst ; Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (RAAS) | Inst Res & Dev, Fac Sci & Technol, Microbiol Programme ; Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University (PRU) | Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Estonian Science Foundation [9050, 9157, 7738]; European Regional Development Fund (Center of Excellence FIBIR); Parrot project [14541QM]; Hubert Curien Partnership between France and Estonia; [SF0180098s08]
We aimed to enhance understanding of the molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by building a new global dataset targeting previously unstudied geographical areas. In total, we sampled 96 plant species from 25 sites that encompassed all continents except Antarctica. AMF in plant roots were detected by sequencing the nuclear SSU rRNA gene fragment using either cloning followed by Sanger sequencing or 454-sequencing. A total of 204 AMF phylogroups (virtual taxa, VT) were recorded, increasing the described number of Glomeromycota VT from 308 to 341 globally. Novel VT were detected from 21 sites; three novel but nevertheless widespread VT (Glomus spp. MO-G52, MO-G53, MO-G57) were recorded from six continents. The largest increases in regional VT number were recorded in previously little-studied Oceania and in the boreal and polar climatic zones - this study providing the first molecular data from the latter. Ordination revealed differences in AM fungal communities between different continents and climatic zones, suggesting that both biogeographic history and environmental conditions underlie the global variation of those communities. Our results show that a considerable proportion of Glomeromycota diversity has been recorded in many regions, though further large increases in richness can be expected in remaining unstudied areas.
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