Metabolic Profiles, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Capacity in <i>Lentinula edodes</i> Cultivated on Log versus Sawdust Substrates
2021
Miso Nam | Ji Yeon Choi | Min-Sun Kim
<i>Lentinula edodes</i> (shiitake) is a popular nutritious edible mushroom with a desirable aroma and flavor. Traditional cultivation of <i>L. edodes</i> on beds of logs has been replaced by cultivation on sawdust, but the effects of cultivation changes on <i>L. edodes</i> mushrooms have not been well characterized. We determined the metabolic profile, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity in <i>L. edodes</i> grown on log or sawdust substrates. Metabolic profiles of <i>L. edodes</i> extracts were determined by <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis score plots from <sup>1</sup>H NMR analysis showed clear differences between samples. Concentrations of primary metabolites, especially amino acids, generally decreased in <i>L. edodes</i> grown on logs compared to sawdust. Phenolic compounds showed variations in concentration depending on the cultivation method. Bioactive compounds and their antioxidant capacity were analyzed spectrophotometrically. <i>L. edodes</i> cultivated on logs had high concentrations of bioactive compounds with strong antioxidant capacity compared to <i>L. edodes</i> cultivated on sawdust. Thus, the concentration of primary metabolites was high in <i>L. edodes</i> grown on sawdust, which produces a high growth rate. In contrast, log-cultivated <i>L. edodes</i>, which were similar to wild mushrooms, had high levels of bioactive compounds and high antioxidant capacity. This information is useful for determining optimal cultivation conditions for nutritional and medicinal uses of <i>L. edodes</i> mushrooms.
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