Antiviral Activities of <i>Streptomyces</i> KSF 103 Methanolic Extracts against Dengue Virus Type-2
2023
Nurfatihah Zulkifli | Jasmine-Elanie Khairat | Adzzie-Shazleen Azman | Nur-Faralyza Mohd Baharudin | Nurul-Adila Malek | Syafiq-Asnawi Zainal Abidin | Sazaly AbuBakar | Pouya Hassandarvish
Dengue has long been a serious health burden to the global community, especially for those living in the tropics. Despite the availability of vaccines, effective treatment for the infection is still needed and currently remains absent. In the present study, the antiviral properties of the <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. KSF 103 methanolic extract (<i>Streptomyces</i> KSF 103 ME), which consists of a number of potential antiviral compounds, were investigated against dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). The effects of this extract against DENV-2 replication were determined using the quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Findings from the study suggested that the <i>Streptomyces</i> KSF 103 ME showed maximum inhibitory properties toward the virus during the virus entry stage at concentrations of more than 12.5 µg/mL. Minimal antiviral activities were observed at other virus replication stages; adsorption (42% reduction at 50 µg/mL), post-adsorption (67.6% reduction at 50 µg/mL), prophylactic treatment (68.4% and 87.7% reductions at 50 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL, respectively), and direct virucidal assay (48% and 56.8% reductions at 50 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL, respectively). The <i>Streptomyces</i> KSF 103 ME inhibited dengue virus replication with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) value of 20.3 µg/mL and an International System of Units (SI) value of 38.9. The <i>Streptomyces</i> KSF 103 ME showed potent antiviral properties against dengue virus (DENV) during the entry stage. Further studies will be needed to deduce the antiviral mechanisms of the <i>Streptomyces</i> KSF 103 ME against DENV.
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