Protection against reinfection with D614- or G614-SARS-CoV-2 isolates in golden Syrian hamster
2021
Marco Brustolin | Jordi Rodon | María Luisa Rodríguez de la Concepción | Carlos Ávila-Nieto | Guillermo Cantero | Mónica Pérez | Nigeer Te | Marc Noguera-Julián | Víctor Guallar | Alfonso Valencia | Núria Roca | Nuria Izquierdo-Useros | Julià Blanco | Bonaventura Clotet | Albert Bensaid | Jorge Carrillo | Júlia Vergara-Alert | Joaquim Segalés
Reinfections with SARS-CoV-2 have already been documented in humans, although its real incidence is currently unknown. Besides having a great impact on public health, this phenomenon raises the question of immunity generated by a single infection is sufficient to provide sterilizing/protective immunity to a subsequent SARS-CoV-2 re-exposure. The Golden Syrian hamster is a manageable animal model to explore immunological mechanisms able to counteract COVID-19, as it recapitulates pathological aspects of mild to moderately affected patients. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2-inoculated hamsters resolve infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts within seven days upon inoculation with the Cat01 (G614) SARS-CoV-2 isolate. Three weeks after the primary challenge, and despite high titres of neutralizing antibodies, half of the animals were susceptible to reinfection by both identical (Cat01, G614) and variant (WA/1, D614) SARS-CoV-2 isolates. However, upon re-inoculation, only nasal tissues were transiently infected with much lower viral replication than those observed after the first inoculation. These data indicate that a primary SARS-CoV-2 infection is not sufficient to elicit a sterilizing immunity in hamster models but protects against lung disease.
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