天山冷水藻营养成分、油脂提取工艺 条件优化及其脂肪酸组成分析Nutrient components,optimization of oil extraction conditions and fatty acid composition analysis of Tianshan cold water algae

为对开展天山冷水藻相关功效研究提供参考数据，以新疆赛里木湖的天山冷水藻粉为原料，采用凯氏定氮法测定其蛋白质含量,苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,分光光度比色法测定叶绿素含量；采用超声波辅助有机溶剂提取法提取其中的油脂,通过单因素试验优化油脂提取工艺条件；采用气相色谱测定油脂脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明:天山冷水藻中蛋白质含量为41.58%，多糖含量为15.34%，总叶绿素含量为2.42%；天山冷水藻油最佳提取工艺条件为以体积分数为70%的乙醇为提取溶剂、料液比1∶ 25、超声提取时间20 min，在此条件下油脂得率为32.80%。天山冷水藻油中共检测出14种脂肪酸，以多不饱和脂肪酸为主，占总脂肪酸的66.53%，主要包括亚油酸、α-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸，含量分别为50.77%、13.28%和2.48%。天山冷水藻中不仅蛋白质、多糖、叶绿素含量较高,其油脂中多不饱和脂肪酸含量也比较高,具有很大的研究价值。 In order to provide reference data for research on the efficacy of Tianshan cold water algae, using the Tianshan cold water algae powder from Sayram Lake in Xinjiang as raw materials, the Kjeldahl method was used to determine its protein content，the polysaccharide content was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method, the chlorophyll content was determined by spectrophotometric colorimetry, the oil was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted organic solvent extraction method, and the oil extraction conditions were optimized by single-factor experiment, and the fatty acid composition and content of the oil were determined by gas chromatography. The results showed that the protein content of Tianshan cold water algae was 41.58%, the polysaccharide content was 15.34%, and the total chlorophyll content was 2.42%. The optimal extraction conditions of Tianshan cold water algae oil were 70% ethanol as the extraction solvent, solid-liquid ratio 1∶ 25, and ultrasonic extraction time 20 min. Under these conditions, the oil yield of Tianshan cold water algae was 32.80%. A total of 14 fatty acids were detected in Tianshan cold water algae oil, mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids, accounting for 66.53% of the total fatty acids, mainly including linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, with contents of 50.77%,13.28% and 2.48% respectively. The contents of protein, polysaccharide and chlorophyll in Tianshan cold water algae are relatively high, and the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in its oil is also relatively high, which makes Tianshan cold water algae have great research value.