Safe and Efficient Utilization of Saline and Brackish Water in Saline-alkali Farmland: Progress and Perspective

【Objective】 Saline-alkali soils are important reserve cultivated land resources in China. They are mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid areas in the north, but the shortage of fresh water resources restricts the exploitation of saline-alkali land for agricultural production. There is a shortage of agricultural freshwater resources while the utilization of saline groundwater and brackish water is low. Research on the safety and efficient utilization of saline and brackish water is of hence great significance to agricultural production and saline soil improvement. 【Method】 We provide a comprehensive overview of agricultural development practices concerning use of saline and brackish water, including approaches such as directly using brackish water for irrigation and alternate irrigation using saline and freshwater. We elucidate the adverse effect of inappropriate utilization of brackish water on soil and crop health. Furthermore, we review the contemporary advanced technologies for brackish water treatment and underscores the supportive role of agronomic practices like mulching and soil fertilization in promoting the safe utilization of saline and brackish water. 【Result】 The study synthesizes the impact of different irrigation methods on soil salt content, organic matter, nutrient levels, aggregate structure, and crop yields. 【Conclusion】 In regions amenable to saline water and brackish water irrigation, a holistic assessment of factors such as soil type and crop variety should help to manage irrigation decisions. We conclude by outlining research prospects in the future, which encompass tailored development and utilization of saline water and brackish water, understanding rhizosphere adaptations in water-constrained environments, and the application of intelligent irrigation technologies to enhance sustainability.