Fumigant Toxicity and Feeding Deterrent Activity of Essential Oils from <i>Lavandula dentata</i>, <i>Juniperus procera</i>, and <i>Mentha longifolia</i> against the Land Snail <i>Monacha obstructa</i>
2022
Yasser Abobakr | Ali S. Al-Sarar | Maged S. Abdel-Kader
Land mollusks are one of the most destructive agricultural pests worldwide, the management of which depends on synthetic molluscicides. However, many of these molluscicides are harmful to nontarget organisms. Hence, there is a need to develop alternative ecofriendly molluscicides that are less impactful toward nontarget organisms. So, an investigation into the fumigant toxicity and feeding deterrent effect of essential oils (EOs) from <i>Lavandula dentata</i> L. (Lamiaceae), <i>Juniperus procera</i> Hochst. (Cupressaceae), and <i>Mentha longifolia</i> (L.) Huds. (Lamiaceae) against the land snail <i>Monacha obstructa</i> (Pfeiffer, 1842) (Hygromiidae) was performed. <i>L. dentata</i> EO exhibited the highest fumigant toxicity with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 8.68 μL/L air and 7.24 μL/L air after 24 h and 48 h exposure periods, respectively. Its main components were camphor, 1,8-cineole, fenchone, and <i>β</i>-myrecene. The fumigant toxicity of <i>J. procera</i> EO was lower than that of <i>L. dentata</i>, with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 25.63 μL/L air and 20.11 μL/L air after 24 h and 48 h exposure periods, respectively. The major constituents of <i>J. procera</i> EO were <i>α</i>-pinene, <i>p</i>-cymene, and <i>β</i>-ocimene. The analysis of <i>M. longifolia</i> EO showed that pulegone, and menthol were the major constituents. However, it displayed no fumigant toxicity up to 50 μL/L air. The three EOs exhibited a strong feeding deterrent effect at sublethal concentrations. The EOs extracted from <i>L. dentata</i>, <i>J. procera</i> and <i>M. longifolia</i> are promising ecofriendly botanical molluscicides against the land snail <i>M. obstructa</i>.
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