Assessing the Role of Crop Rotation in Shaping Foliage Characteristics and Leaf Gas Exchange Parameters for Winter Wheat
2023
Maria Wanic | Mariola Parzonka
Properly designed crop rotation enriches the diversity of the agroecosystem, which has a favorable effect on the environmental properties and crop yield. The experiment assessed winter wheat cultivated under the following crop rotations: A. winter rape + catch crop − spring barley − field pea − winter wheat; B. winter rape − winter wheat + catch crop − field pea − winter wheat; C. winter rape + catch crop − field pea − winter wheat − winter wheat; D. winter rape − winter wheat + catch crop − spring barley − winter wheat. The aim of the study was to investigate: (i) whether the cultivation of wheat in crop rotations following forecrops of rape, pea, barley, and wheat will affect its foliage and photosynthesis; (ii) how the photosynthetic process will affect the wheat yield. At the stem elongation stage (BBCH 36) and at the heading stage (BBCH 58), the following were investigated: foliage features, photosynthetic parameters, and the above-ground biomass; while at the BBCH 89 stage, the grain yield was investigated. It was demonstrated that photosynthesis was most intense under crop rotation A (the highest stomatal conductance, transpiration, intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, and net assimilation rate ranged from 13.1–29.7 μmol CO<sub>2</sub>∙m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>). This was reflected in the above-ground biomass volume (1245–1634 g m<sup>−2</sup>) and grain yield (4.58–7.65 t ha<sup>−1</sup>). The cultivation of wheat following wheat under crop rotation C and following barley under D had a negative effect on both the foliage and photosynthetic parameters.
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