HEMP SEED YIELD AND OIL CONTENT IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

In order to take a prominent position in the world market for hemp cultivation with seed yields exceeding those of the Soviet Union, energy-saving technologies need to be studied and introduced. The basis for low-cost cultivation methods is the use of water-soluble fertilizers containing micronutrients in chelated form. Hemp farming in the Penza region is a long tradition, which determines the priority for its revival. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to substantiate the effectiveness of topdressing by micro-element fertilizers in the cultivation technology of hemp variety Surskaya for obtaining seeds. The effect of foliar treatments on yield and oil content of seeds was studied in 2019...2021 under the conditions of OOO "Konopleks Penza" on leached chernozem soil. In the first and third years of the study, the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) corresponded to conditions of insufficient humidity and was 0.74 and 0.90, while in the second year it was dry (HTC - 0.68). Seed productivity of hemp averaged 1.0 t/ha in 2021 and was the highest in all years of research. The lowest seed yield (0.78 t/ha) was obtained in 2019 because the plants grew slowly during the initial stages of ontogenesis due to lack of moisture. It increased to 0.88 t/ha in 2020. Micro-element fertilizers used for foliar fertilization increased seed yield by an average of 0.08 t/ha. A maximum gain of 0.10 t/ha was obtained from foliar treatment with a liquid complex fertilizer Agree`s "Magniy (Magnesium)" (3 l/ha). It is important to note that the interaction of two foliar fertilizers, carried out at the phases of the three pairs of true leaves and budding, resulted in a seed yield of 0.94 t/ha with an oil content of 33.20 %, providing an oil yield of 0.303 t/ha.