CROP CAPACITY OF WINTER WHEAT DEPENDING ON FERTILIZATION SYSTEM AND WEATHER CONDITIONS OF A VEGETATION PERIOD

The article elucidates the necessity of improving the growing technology elements (nutrition systems) of new breeds of winter wheat considering climate changes and contrasting weather conditions of vegetation period of winter wheat. The analysis of winter wheat “Kubus” was conducted in conditions of production in central part of Forest-steppe on the basis of 3 factors experiment. There were used methods of research case and science and practical recommendations for winter wheat growing. During the research both general scientific methods (of dialectics, experiment, analysis and synthesis, hypothesis method) and special methods, among them: field method – the investigation of interaction between the subject of research with weather conditions factors in the central part of Forest-steppe with weather and agrotechnical factors in the central part of Forest-steppe; calculation and weight method – the determination of crop capacity of grain; math statistics: dispersion, correlation and regressive method and graphic data representation in experiment were used. Due to results of research it was revealed that weather conditions of spring and summer period of winter wheat vegetation during the time of experiment, at the hydrothermal coefficient, were contrasting. These facts made it possible to see objectively the plant reaction on growing conditions. It was found out the influence of fertilization system (the main and spring) and the usage of out-of-the root nutrition on the crop capacity of winter wheat during the years of experiment. During the main usage of N30Р60К60 the maximal crop capacity (5,9 t/h) was got by early spring nutrition N30 with variants of compatible usage of out-of-the root nutrition of concentrated solution of copper, nitrogen and sulfur and urea and ammonia admixture. The influence of weather conditions of intensive growing period and plant growth and formation and accumulation of reserve substances in the seed on the crop capacity of winter soft wheat was researched and defined. Analyzing the influence of researched factors the great effect on the crop capacity of winter wheat the usage of spring root and out-of-the root nutrition of sowing at the main fertilizing was revealed. Using the variant without main fertilizing the influence of interaction of compatible usage of root nitric and out-of-the root complex nutrition of winter wheat sowing is increasing. Taking into consideration the results of the research it was found out that levelling of negative influence of weather conditions of spring-summer vegetation of winter wheat can be reduced by the agrotechnical way: implementation of early spring root nutrition of sowing and usage of out-of-the root plant nutrition in the spring planting phase during the main fertilization. The biggest crop capacity of winter wheat (5,9 t/h was got using spring and early spring applying of 30 kg/h ammonium nitrate and compatible out-of-the root nutrition of winter wheat plant (concentrated solution of copper, nitrogen and sulfur and urea and ammonia admixture) with the main fertilizing N30Р60К60.