Effect of Salinity and Nitrogen Fertilization Levels on Growth Parameters of <i>Sarcocornia fruticosa</i>, <i>Salicornia brachiata,</i> and <i>Arthrocnemum macrostachyum</i>
2022
Tesfaye Asmare Sisay | Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova | Dinara Oshanova | Arvind Kumar Dubey | Kusum Khatri | Varsha Mudgal | Anurag Mudgal | Amir Neori | Muki Shpigel | Rajeev Kumar Srivastava | Luísa Margarida Batista Custódio | Dominic Standing | Moshe Sagi
Salinity negatively influences crop growth, but several salt-tolerant plant species (halophytes) are viable crops. <i>Sarcocornia fruticosa</i> (ecotypes EL and VM) is currently cultivated, but there is demand for new crop candidates and higher biomass production. <i>Salicornia brachiata</i> Roxb. and <i>Arthrocneum macrostachyum</i> L. are considered novel crops, and to realize their potential, their response to salinity and nitrogen nutrition was compared to <i>S. fruticosa</i> ecotypes. Experiments revealed that higher N supplemented with lower NaCl significantly increased fresh and dry shoot biomass. Lower biomass was obtained at lower nitrogen supplemented with elevated NaCl, whereas total soluble solids content positively correlated with NaCl fertigation in both Sarcocornia ecotypes. Protein content increased with a lower nitrogen supply. Anthocyanins and oxygen radical absorbance capacity were highest in <i>S. fruticosa</i> EL and <i>A. macrostachyum</i> at higher NaCl supply. The results show that halophytes have a variety of strategies to cope with high NaCl, even between ecotypes of the same species. Notably, repetitive harvesting of <i>S. brachiata</i> delayed flowering enabling year-round biomass production. Additionally, <i>S. brachiata</i> accumulated higher biomass than Sarcocornia VM when grown in a greenhouse at higher radiation than in a growth room and strongly supports its inclusion as a cash-crop halophyte.
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