Evaluation of Differences between the Baltic <i>Triglopsis quadricornis</i> and White Sea <i>Triglopsis</i> sp. Using Morphological and Genetic Data
2022
Valentina Sideleva | Zakhar Zhidkov
According to the modern fish system, one species of fourhorn sculpin <i>Triglopsis quadricornis</i> lives in the Baltic Sea and Arctic waters. In the present study, sculpins from the Baltic and White Seas were studied using different methods: morphological analysis to establish patterns of the seismosensory system, tomography for the study of cranial bones, X-ray imaging for the study of the axial skeleton, as well as phylogenetic analysis of two mtDNA markers (<i>control region</i> and <i>CO1</i>) and one nDNA marker (<i>RAG1</i>). The results obtained by these methods were used to prove the existence of two species: <i>T. quadricornis</i> in the Baltic Sea and <i>Triglopsis</i> sp. in the White Sea. These species differ significantly in the unique shape and size of the bony outgrowths on the head, as well as in the number of bony plates on the body. Genetic differences between the species were expressed in the formation of <i>T. quadricornis</i> and <i>Triglopsis</i> sp. independent clusters on Bayesian phylogenetic trees reconstructed based on the sequences of the mtDNA <i>control region</i> and <i>RAG1</i>.
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