Characterization and Classification of Soils Cultivated Rice in the Provinces of Al-Qadisiyah and Najaf / Iraq

To study the characterization and classification of soils cultivated with rice in the provinces of the Qadisiyah and Najaf has four pedons have been chosen in which three of them are planted with rice and other non-planted rice (pedon compared) in Qadisiyah province and four other pedons three planted rice and fourth non-planted rice (planted with Palm) in Najaf Governorate . Results of morphological description or a discrepancy in some morphological traits, especially construction and texture and porosity and the sequence of horizons while there is a clear contrast in color as well as in the case of hyperpigmentation as a result of the activity of redox processes in soils cultivated rice and reflected the color of the soil , The results Explain the rule of the separate with soft (silt and clay) in soil cultivated rice and sand values ranged (46.0-520.0) g. Kg-1 and silt (73.0-776) g. Kg-1 and clay (52.0-175.0) g. Kg-1 Because of the seasonal water and increase soil weathering minutes of movement with depth , increase the PH in soils cropped due to calcium carbonate melt wetland environment that raises the degree of soil interaction , EC decrease as a result of melting and movement of salts out of the soil body. Soils different in calcium carbonate content and this is due to the situation of seasonal water and melting of limestone and redistribute soil body where calcium carbonate content increased with depth due to the activity of removing Tartar and deposition in the lower horizons . It is noted a decrease in calcium sulfate content in cultivated soils as compared with uncultivated soils as a result of the case of water which works to dissolve gypsum. Pedons soils are classified in this study to the order of Aridisols and classified pedons Non-cultivated rice soils under the order Gypsids in pedon (1) and the great group Calci gypsids The presence of Calcic horizon in those soils with diagnosed under Group Typic Calci gypsids . Either pedon (9) results indicated to under order Calcids and Group great Haplocalcids and under Group Typic Haplocalcids .Both the soils planted with rice are classified under the order named Argids to the result of diagnostic horizon mud diagnosed group great Calciargids the presence of horizon Calcic in soils as identified under the group known as aquic Calciargid due to water conditions in the soil during the year.