Effects of Different Microbial Fertilizers on Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Properties of Corn in Newly Reclaimed Land

Land reclamation may expand the supply of usable land for food security. Soil microorganisms have been considered as an amendment in immature soil to improve its quality. However, different microbial fertilizers’ effects on plant growth in immature soil have largely been unexplored. In order to evaluate the effects of different microbial fertilizers on immature soil, the soil quality and microbial community structure of corn rhizosphere soil samples under different microbial fertilizers were investigated. The results revealed a significant difference between microbial fertilizers (especially seaweed microbial fertilizer, SMF) and commercial chemical compound fertilizers in the soil properties and microbial community structure. Indeed, SMF caused a 486.21%, 23.17%, 21.08%, 38.33%, and 482.39% increase in <i>Flavobacteriaceae</i>, <i>Planctomycetaceae</i>, <i>Chitinophagaceae</i>, <i>Acidobacteria_Gp3</i>, and <i>Mortierellaceae</i> but a 23.82%, 18.66%, 42.36%, 29.12%, 81.97%, 42.19%, and 99.33% reduction in <i>Cytophagales</i>, <i>Comamonadaceae</i>, <i>Rhodospirillaceae</i>, <i>Sinobacteaceae</i>, <i>Aspergillaceae</i>, <i>Myrmecridiaceae</i>, and <i>Typhulaceae</i>, respectively; while CCF caused an 85.68% and 183.22% increase in <i>Xanthomonadaceae</i> and <i>Mortierellaceae</i> but a 31.29%, 36.02%, and 65.74% reduction in <i>Cytophagales</i>, <i>Spartobacteria</i>, and <i>Cyphellophoraceae</i> compared with the control based on 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing of soil microflora. Furthermore, redundancy discriminant analysis of the microbial communities and soil properties indicated that the main variables of the bacterial and fungal communities included exchangeable Ca, organic matter content, total N, and available P. Overall, the results of this study revealed significant changes under different fertilizer conditions in the microbiota and chemical properties of corn soil. Microbial fertilizers, particularly SMF and SM, can be used as a good amendment for newly reclaimed land.