Contagious Progression and Distribution of Arsenic in India: A Key Towards Bioremediation
2021
Ankur Bhardwaj, Rakesh Kumar Sharma and Gajendra Bahadur Singh
Arsenic (As) is a renowned threat to the environment and human well-being. Its concentration is increasing year after year in several countries. The utmost pretentious are mining regions of India, as per government surveys and available research findings. Population residing near mining regions are bounded to consume arsenic tainted water in their routine life and evolve various hazardous health problems. Besides many physicochemical techniques at hand for its purification, none are promising. The microbial mediated arsenic detoxification involving oxidation/reduction and extrusion by a membrane-associated efflux pump may perhaps financially acuity and a promising method for bioremediation. The arsenic richness in mining regions triggered the evolution of bacterial cells to come up with a potential mechanism to survive in As rich environment. Microbial extrusion strategy of As in both As3+ and As5+ forms may also be involved in increasing As in abandoned mining regions in underground water. So, to understand the involvement of these bacterial cells in the increment of As in these regions the present study was performed by personally visiting these sites and conversation with local residents. We have witnessed many jaw-dropping truths about As exposure risk to humans and domesticated animals, which has been discussed in this article. This review comprehensively summarizes current studies associated with arsenic exposure, environmental dispersal and its bioremediation through arsenic metabolizing bacteria covering recent developments, pathways, action mechanism and understanding arsenic metabolizers with the depiction of future prospects on arsenic bioremediation from contaminated systems.
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