Volatile Compounds and Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Bud and Needle Extracts from Three Populations of <i>Pinus mugo</i> Turra Growing in Romania
2022
Diana Ionela (Stegarus) Popescu | Ecaterina Lengyel | Florian George Apostolescu | Liliana Cristina Soare | Oana Romina Botoran | Nicoleta Anca Șuțan
<i>Pinus mugo</i> Turra is a shrub-like conifer with multiple healing properties. <i>P. mugo</i> extracts are rich in active ingredients such as volatile compounds, tannin, higher alcohols, vitamins, and minerals. In this study, we identified and quantified the secondary metabolites from buds and needles of <i>P. mugo</i> harvested from three different mountain areas in Romania. The main volatile compounds contained in the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and the most significant were pinene, germacrene, limonene, and caryophyllene. The total polyphenol content (TPC) was in the range of 46.77 ± 0.3 and 77.99 ± 0.5 mg GAE/g and the total flavonoid content (TFC) 24.90 ± 0.1 and 54.78 ± 0.3 mg QE/g. The content of ascorbic acid ranged between 12.21 mg/100 g and 27.34 mg/100 g, concentrations that are recommended for natural sources of ascorbic acid. Moderate antimicrobial activity on yeasts and molds was not dependent on plant origin. By highlighting the rich content of active compounds, and moderate antioxidant and antifungal activity, this study is an argument for the beneficial use of <i>P. mugo</i> bud and needle extracts, regardless of the habitat of origin on the Romanian territory, in the fields of medicine and the food industry or in the implementation of eco-friendly practices.
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