Nutrient Deficiency-Induced Stress Improves Skincare Effects and Phytochemical Content of Green Extracts from Lamiaceae In Vitro Cultures
2024
Inês Mansinhos | Sandra Gonçalves | Raquel Rodríguez-Solana | Gema Pereira-Caro | José Manuel Moreno-Rojas | Anabela Romano
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of nutrient starvation on the growth, biochemical, metabolomic, and biological traits of <i>Lavandula viridis</i> L’Hér and <i>Thymus lotocephalus</i> G. López and R. Morales in vitro cultures. In both species, a reduction in shoot growth and in the production of chlorophyll and carotenoids was observed in cultures grown under nutrient-deficient media (especially Fe and N) compared to those grown under control conditions. The highest levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, two indicators of oxidative stress, were observed in <i>L. viridis</i> cultures grown under N deficiency and in <i>T. lotocephalus</i> under P and Fe limitation. The results demonstrated that nutrient deficiency led to a 72% and 62% increase in the quantified phenolic compounds in <i>L. viridis</i> and <i>T. lotocephalus</i>, respectively. The highest concentrations of the major compound in both species—rosmarinic acid—were observed in cultures grown under Mg-deficient (60.7 ± 1.0 mg/g<sub>DW</sub>) and Fe-deficient (50.0 ± 0.4 mg/g<sub>DW</sub>) conditions in <i>L. viridis</i> and <i>T. lotocephalus</i>, respectively. Furthermore, nutrient starvation enhanced the capacity of green extracts to inhibit three enzymes (tyrosinase, elastase, and hyaluronidase) associated with anti-aging and their antioxidant properties.
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