Effect of Dietary Mineral Content and Phytase Dose on Nutrient Utilization, Performance, Egg Traits and Bone Mineralization in Laying Hens from 22 to 31 Weeks of Age

A total of 192 laying hens were used to evaluate the effect of dietary mineral content and phytase dose on nutrient utilization, egg production and quality and bone mineralization of young laying hens. Four dietary treatments were studied: PC, positive control with no added phytase, 4.07% Ca and 0.61% P; NC, negative control with no added phytase, 2.97% Ca and 0.37% P; and P500 and P1000, where NC diet was supplemented with phytase at 500 and 1000 FTU/kg, respectively. Hens’ performance and egg traits were controlled from 22 to 31 weeks of age. Coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients were determined at 25 and 31 weeks of age. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and blood content of Ca and P, as well as bone traits, were determined at 31 weeks of age. Ca and P retention was higher in birds on PC diet at 25 weeks, but not at 31 weeks of age compared to those on NC diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). P1000 birds had the highest CTTAD values for dry and organic matter at both ages (<i>p</i> < 0.001). CTTAD of Ca was significantly higher in P1000 diet than in NC diet at 31 weeks of age (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Birds fed with P500 diet at 25 weeks of age and P1000 at 31 weeks of age showed higher CTTAD and retention of P, but lower excretion of P than those fed NC diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Phytase inclusion linearly increased AID of dry matter and P (<i>p</i> < 0.001). P500 hens fed had the greatest body weight at the end of the trial (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and P1000 birds had the best feed conversion ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Fowl fed a PC diet produced eggs with higher shell thickness and yolk color than those fed on NC diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Phytase inclusion linearly increased the yolk color (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Tibia of laying hens fed with PC had significantly higher ash content than those on NC diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and birds fed with P1000 presented intermediate values. It can be concluded that it would be advisable to increase the dose of phytase in the feed of laying hens to obtain long-term benefits.