Temporal changes in tocochromanols in leaves and spikes of barley cultivars during the development of the caryopsis
2015
Sato, S. (NARO Institute of National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi (Japan). Forage Crop Research Division) | Kimura, T. | Morita, S.
Temporal changes in tocochromanols during the development of caryopsis in two barley cultivars, 'Fiber-Snow' and 'Musashibo', were determined. Alpha-tocopherol (Toc) in leaves dominated among eight tocochromanol isomers in the leaves and spikes of both cultivars; suggesting that the tocochromanol content of the barley plant as a whole may be affected by the alpha-Toc content in leaves. The pattern of temporal changes in leaf Toc content also differed between the cultivars. Leaf Toc content increased strikingly after anthesis in 'Fiber-Snow', whereas no conspicuous increase was observed in 'Musashibo'. Toc content was also significantly higher in 'Fiber-Snow' than in 'Musashibo' during the milky and dough stages. Tocotorienols (T3) were exclusively present in the spikes. They occurred around ten days after anthesis, peaking after the milky stage, whereas Toc had already accumulated at the first heading date. Alpha-T3 was the dominant form of the T3s, the accumulation of which preceded those of the beta- and gamma-forms in both cultivars. Our findings revealed that the Toc content of the whole barley plant might remain high throughout caryopsis development, decreasing only toward the end and that T3 occurred after the mid-stage of the development. These results indicate that the current conventional harvest time for forage barley is appropriate, as farmers harvesting during caryopsis development will produce forage containing considerable tocochromanol.
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