Biology of the weedy species of the genus Cardamine [Brassicaceae] in Japan
2017
Kudoh, H. (Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga (Japan). Center for Ecological Research)
Genus Cardamine consists of ca. 200 species, and is one of the largest genera in Brassicaceae. Three Cardamine species occur in agricultural fields and surrounding areas in Japan, i.e. C. occulta, C. scutata and C. hirsuta. These species provide opportunities to study various aspects of weeds including their taxonomy, diversification, life histories, and molecular biology. This article reviews recent studies on these species. The following topics are discussed in this review. (1) The species occurring in Japan that has been recognized as C. flexuosa is a distinct taxon, (2) and its correct name is C. occulta Hornem. (3) C. occuluta is spreading its distribution as an invasive plant. (4) C. scutata Thunb. is the correct name for the species that have been refereed as either C. scutata or C. regeliana. (5) C. scutata represents a typical case of diversification of the genus through allopolyploidization. (6) A clear genetic structuring is present among Japanese C. scutata populations. (7) C. hirsuta is a European species that introduced into Japan recently. (8) C. hirsuta has become a new model species in which genome sequences is available. (9) Stamen numbers of C. hirsuta fluctuates depending on temperatures. The studies introduced in this review have approached major issues in weed science, such as taxonomy and identification of species complex, adaptive evolution in agricultural environments, and introduction of exotic species.
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