Evaluating the antimicrobial use in food-producing animals in Japan using the animal level of exposure for antimicrobials (ALEA)
2018
Matsuda, M. | Isomura, R. | Kwan, N.C.L. | Kawanishi, M. | Ozawa, M. | Kijima, M. | Sugiura, K.
The use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals results in selection of resistant bacteria. Therefore, developing and using an indicator that is capable of measuring the selection pressure is important in monitoring the antimicrobial use in food-producing animals. In this study, the use of antimicrobials in dairy cow, beef cattle, pigs and broilers from 2005 to 2015 in Japan was estimated using the animal level of exposure for antimicrobials (ALEA). The ALEA is an indicator based on defined course dose (DCD), and represents the proportion of animal biomass subjected to antimicrobial treatment in one year. The DCD values were determined based on the information on the daily dose and treatment duration stated in the Japanese summary of product characteristics. Using these DCD values and the method developed by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, the ALEA was calculated for each antimicrobial class and animal sector. In terms of ALEA the most used antimicrobials in Japan were tetracyclines followed by penicillins. Similar ALEA values were obtained for sulfonamides and trimethoprim (including ormetoprim), indicating that the ALEA is an indicator that is capable of measuring the exposure of animals to antimicrobials more accurately than indicators using active ingredient sales amount per biomass.
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