Comparative genotoxicity of cadmium and lead in earthworm coelomocytes
2011
Muangphra, P | Gooneratne, S
To determine genotoxicity to coelomocytes, Pheretima peguana earthworms were exposed in filter paper studies to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) for 48 h, at concentrations less than the LC₁₀—Cd: 0.09, 0.19, 0.38, 0.75, and 1.50 µg cm⁻²; Pb: 1.65, 3.29, 6.58, 13.16, and 26.32 µg cm⁻². For Cd at 0.75 µg cm⁻², in the micronucleus test (detects chromosomal aberrations), significant increases (P < .05) in micronuclei and binucleate cells were observed, and in the comet assay (detects DNA single-strand breaks), tail DNA% was significantly increased. Lead was less toxic with minimal effects on DNA, but the binucleates were significantly increased by Pb at 3.29 µg cm⁻². This study shows that Cd is more acutely toxic and sublethally genotoxic than Pb to P. peguana. Cadmium caused chromosomal aberrations and DNA single-strand breaks at 45% of the LC₁₀ concentration. Lead, in contrast, did not induce DNA damage but caused cytokinesis defects.
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