Overcoming the barriers to electricity efficiency: a systemic investigation of the New Zealand electricity industry

The use of electricity as an energy source has benefits that are socially, economically, and environmentally advantageous. The use of this resource efficiently is simply wise resource management. To date New Zealand has had a poor record in using electricity efficiently in domestic situations. The barriers are well documented, and the intentions from the government have been well meaning; yet the barriers still persist. An analysis of the electricity industry itself and the barriers to energy efficiency, using Triple Soft System Methodology (Tri-SSM), indicate that there are wider economic, social and environmental tensions. There are conflicting objectives between the stakeholders as to the role of energy efficiency and the role of the government in the industry. Given the entwined nature of electricity within New Zealand society, and the environmental constraints of unsustainable electricity production, this thesis concludes that it is counter intuitive to allow free market politics to dominate electricity policy. There needs to be the recognition that electricity is an integral part of the social, economic and environmental 'structure' of New Zealand society. The government in its role as the country's guardian has the responsibility to provide a stable, secure and healthy society. This thesis concludes that the barriers to energy efficiency uptake are closely linked to the requirement for rational supply objectives. The recommendation is that the generation assets of this country are nationalised or legislation is enacted that integrates generation assets (supply side management) with efficiency incentives (demand side management). Ensuring the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority's objectives were an integral part of electricity supply would provide a united and effective means of promoting efficiency while providing sustainable electricity supply. Other recommendations include the development of integrated policy objectives, education programmes and incentive schemes.