Hydraulic adjustment of Scots pine across Europe
2009
Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi | Cochard, Hervé | Mencuccini, Maurizia | Sterck, Frank | Herrero, Asier | Korhonen, Janne | Llorens, Pilar | Nikinmaa, Eero | Nole, Angelo | Poyatos, Rafael | Ripullone, Francesco | Sass-Klaassen, Ute | Zweifel, Roman | Ecolog Unit ; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) | Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP) | School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] ; The University of Edinburgh | Centre for Ecosystem Studies [Wageningen] ; Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Departamento de Ecologia ; Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR) | Department of Physics | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Forest Ecology and Management [Helsinki] ; Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki] ; Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki] ; Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki] ; Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki | Dipartimento Scienze dei Sistmi Colturali ; Università degli studi della Basilicata = University of Basilicata (UNIBAS) | School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences ; Durham University | Dipartimento Scienze dei Sistemi Colturali ; Università degli studi della Basilicata = University of Basilicata (UNIBAS) | Centre for Ecosystems Studies ; Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Forest Ecosystem Processes ; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
The variability of branch-level hydraulic properties was assessed across 12 Scots pine populations covering a wide range of environmental conditions, including some of the southernmost populations of the species. The aims were to relate this variability to differences in climate, and to study the potential tradeoffs between traits. Traits measured included wood density, radial growth, xylem anatomy, sapwood- and leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity (K(S) and K(L)), vulnerability to embolism, leaf-to-sapwood area ratio (A(L) : A(S)), needle carbon isotope discrimination (delta 13C) and nitrogen content, and specific leaf area. Between-population variability was high for most of the hydraulic traits studied, but it was directly associated with climate dryness (defined as a combination of atmospheric moisture demand and availability) only for A(L) : A(S), K(L) and delta 13C. Shoot radial growth and A(L) : A(S) declined with stand development, which is consistent with a strategy to avoid exceedingly low water potentials as tree size increases. In addition, we did not find evidence at the intraspecific level of some associations between hydraulic traits that have been commonly reported across species. The adjustment of Scots pine's hydraulic system to local climatic conditions occurred primarily through modifications of A(L) : A(S) and direct stomatal control, whereas intraspecific variation in vulnerability to embolism and leaf physiology appears to be limited.
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