Mercury Methylating Microbial Community Structure in Boreal Wetlands Explained by Local Physicochemical Conditions

14 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, supplementary material https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2020.518662/full#supplementary-material.-- Data Availability Statement: The datasets generated for this study can be found in the EBI Archive under accession number PRJEB20882

The potent neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg) is a major concern due to its negative effects on wildlife and human health. Boreal wetlands play a crucial role in Hg cycling on a global scale, and therefore, it is crucial to understand the biogeochemical processes involved in MeHg formation in this landscape element. By combining high-throughput hgcA amplicon sequencing with molecular barcoding, we reveal diverse clades of potential HgII methylators in a wide range of wetland soils. Among Bacteria, Desulfuromonadota (14% of total reads), Desulfurobacterota_A, and Desulfurobacterota (up to 6% of total reads), previously classified as Deltaproteobacteria, were important members of the hgcA+ microbial community in the studied wetlands. We also identified Actinobacteriota (9.4% of total reads), Bacteroidota (2% of total reads), and Firmicutes (1.2% of total reads) as members of the hgcA+ microbial community. Within Archaea, Methanosarcinales represented up to 2.5% of the total reads. However, up to half of the hgcA+ community could not be resolved beyond domain Bacteria. Our survey also shows that local physicochemical conditions, such as pH, nutrient concentrations, water content, and prevailing redox states, are important for shaping the hgcA+ microbial community structure across the four studied wetlands. Furthermore, we observed a significant correlation between HgII methylation rate constants and the structure of the hgcA+ microbial community. Our findings expand the current knowledge on the hgcA+ microbial community composition in wetlands and the physicochemical factors underpinning spatial heterogeneity in such communities

This project was carried out within the Swedish-Sino SMaREF (2013-6978) funded by the Swedish Research Council. This study was also supported by the Swedish Research Council (Grants No. 2011–7192, 2012-3892 and 2017-04422), a Wennergren foundation project to LVN and the Kempe Foundations (SMK-2745, SMK-1243) and the Marie Curie Individual Fellowship (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016; project-749645).

With the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI)

Peer reviewed