World Ocean Assessment II, Chapter 21, Developments in renewable energy sources
2021
Soukissian, Takvor | Bondareff, J. | Cummins, Valerie | Dhanju, Amardeep | García-Soto, Carlos | Golmen, Lars | Kamara, Osman Keh | Murphy, J. | Njoroge, Eric Mwangi | Strati, Anastasia | Vougioukalakis, Georges
KEYNOTE POINTS 1. The offshore wind sector is expanding globally to regions with no utility-scale (grid) installations at present. The use of floating platforms is a step change enabling the industry to open up large areas with deeper waters. 2. In 2019, 28.3 gigawatts (GW) of installed capacity from the offshore wind sector was deployed globally, with 22 GW off Europe, primarily in the North Sea, 5.9 GW off China and 0.4 GW in other markets. 3. In the next decade, Asia and the United States of America could be major growth drivers for the development and installation of offshore wind power. 4. Wave and ocean current energy projects have not yet achieved full commercialization at utility scale, and tidal energy projects are still rare. 5. Progress in energy storage could make a significant contribution to the development of offshore wind power and other marine renewable energy (MRE) technologies. 6. Proper sitting of MRE projects could minimize conflicts with other ocean uses and potential impacts on the marine environment.
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