Antibiogram Profile of Patients Having Urinary Tract Infection Treated with Most Commonly Used Antibiotics

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections in humans, primarily caused by bacteria, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) responsible for 75-90% of cases. The rise in bacterial resistance is largely due to inappropriate antibiotic use, posing significant public health concerns. This study investigated UTI prevalence and antibiotic resistance to inform optimized treatment guidelines. This study aimed to identify the bacterial pathogens causing UTIs and assess their antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at Khyber Teaching Hospital's Microbiology Department to assess the antibiogram profile of uropathogens from urine cultures. Urine samples were cultured on CLED media, and biochemical tests were used to identify the uropathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on the isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA), following CLSI guidelines. A total of 384 patients' urine samples were collected through a convenient technique and processed as per standard guidelines.  The collected data was analyzed using SPSS-22 and shown in tables. Results: Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen, found in 48.17% (n=185) of cases, with a higher prevalence in females at about 48.4% (n=125). Fosfomycin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic (31.5%) and showed the highest sensitivity (50.2%). Cefotaxime exhibited the highest resistance (38.45%), followed by Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (34.8%). Conclusion: Escherichia coli remains the dominant pathogen, with Fosfomycin proving generally effective, while resistance to cefotaxime is notable. These reports show the importance of antibiotic use responsibly. By selecting appropriate antibiotics, we can minimize the resistance rate of uropathogens.