Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment
2021
Bates, Amanda, E. | Primack, Richard, B. | Biggar, Brandy, S. | Bird, Tomas, J. | Clinton, Mary, E. | Command, Rylan, J. | Richards, Cerren | Shellard, Marc | Geraldi, Nathan R. | Vergara, Valeria | Acevedo-Charry, Orlando | Colón-Piñeiro, Zuania | Ocampo, David | Ocampo-Penuela, Natalia | Sánchez-Clavijo, Lina María | Adamescu, Mihai Cristian | Cheval, Sorin | Racoviceanu, Tudor | Adams, Matthew, S. | Kalisa, Egide | Kuuire, Vincent, Z. | Aditya, Vikram | Anderwald, Pia | Wiesmann, Samuel | Wipf, Sonja | Badihi, Gal | Henderson, Matthew, G. | Loetscher, Hanspeter | Baerenfaller, Katja | Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro | Bulleri, Fabio | Bertocci, Iacopo | Maggi, Elena | Rindi, Luca | Ravaglioli, Chiara | Boerder, Kristina | Bonnel, Julien | Mathias, Delphine | Archambault, Philippe | Chauvaud, Laurent | Braun, Camrin | Thorrold, Simon R. | Brownscombe, Jacob, W. | Midwood, Jonathan, D. | Boston, Christine, M. | Brooks, Jill, L. | Cooke, Steven, J. | China, Victor | Roll, Uri | Belmaker, Jonathan | Zvuloni, Assaf | Coll, Marta | Ortega, Miquel | Connors, Brendan | Lacko, Lisa | Jayathilake, Dinusha, R. M. | Costello, Mark J. | Crimmins, Theresa, M. | Barnett, Lorianne | Denny, Ellen, G. | Gerst, Katharine, L. | Marsch, R. L. | Posthumus, Erin, E. | Rodriguez, Reilly | Rosemartin, Alyssa | Schaffer, Sara, N. | Switzer, Jeff, R. | Wong, Kevin | Cunningham, Susan, J. | Sumasgutner, Petra | Amar, Arjun | Thomson, Robert L. | Stofberg, Miqkayla | Hofmeyr, Sally | Suri, Jessleena | Stuart-Smith, Rick | Day, Paul, B. | Edgar, Graham J. | Cooper, Antonia, T. | de Leo, Fabio, Cabrera | Garner, Grant | Des Brisay, Paulson, G. | Schrimpf, Michael, B. | Koper, Nicola | Diamond, Michael, S. | Dwyer, Ross G. | Baker, Cameron, J. | Franklin, Craig E. | Efrat, Ron | Berger-Tal, Oded | Hatzofe, Ohad | Eguiluz, Victor M. | Rodríguez, Jorge P. | Fernández-Gracia, Juan | Elustondo, David | Calatayud, Vicent | English, Philina, A. | Archer, Stephanie, K. | Dudas, Sarah, E. | Haggarty, Dana, R. | Gallagher, Austin J. | Shipley, Oliver N. | Gilby, Ben, L. | Ballantyne, Jasmine | Olds, Andrew, D. | Schlacher, Thomas, A. | Halliday, William, D. | Brown, Nicholas, A. W. | Woods, Mackenzie, B. | Balshine, Sigal | Juanes, Francis | Rider, Mitchell, J. | Albano, Patricia, S. | Hammerschlag, Neil | Hays, Graeme, C. | Esteban, Nicole | Pan, Yuhang | He, Guojun | Tanaka, Takanao | Hensel, Marc, J. S. | Orth, Robert J. | Patrick, Christopher, J. | Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas | Olsson, Olof | Hessing-Lewis, Margot, L | Higgs, Nicholas D. | Hindell, Mark, A. | Mcmahon, Clive, R. | Harcourt, Robert | Guinet, Christophe | Hirsch, Sarah, E. | Perrault, Justin, R. | Hoover, Shelby, R. | Reilly, Jennifer, D. | Hobaiter, Catherine | Gruber, Thibaud | Huveneers, Charlie | Udyawer, Vinay | Clarke, Thomas, M. | Kroesen, Laura, P. | Hik, David S. | Cherry, Seth, G. | del Bel Belluz, Justin, A. | Jackson, Jennifer M. | Lai, Shengjie | Lamb, Clayton, T. | Leclair, Gregory, D. | Parmelee, Jeffrey, R. | Chatfield, Matthew, W. H. | Frederick, Cheryl, A. | Lee, Sangdon | Park, Hyomin | Choi, Jaein | Letourneux, Frédéric | Grandmont, Thierry | Dulude-de Broin, Frédéric | Bêty, Joël | Gauthier, Gilles | Legagneux, Pierre | Lewis, Jesse, S. | Haight, Jeffrey | Liu, Zhu | Lyon, Jarod, P. | Hale, Robin | d'Silva, Dallas | Macgregor-Fors, Ian | Arbeláez-Cortés, Enrique | Estela, Felipe, A. | Sánchez-Sarria, Camilo, E. | García-Arroyo, Michelle | Aguirre-Samboní, Giann, K. | Franco Morales, Juan, C. | Malamud, Shahar | Gavriel, Tal | Buba, Yehezkel | Salingré, Shira | Lazarus, Mai | Yahel, Ruthy | Ari, Yigael, Ben | Miller, Eyal | Sade, Rotem | Lavian, Guy | Birman, Ziv | Gury, Manor | Baz, Harel | Baskin, Ilia | Penn, Alon | Dolev, Amit | Licht, Ogen | Karkom, Tabi | Davidzon, Sharon | Berkovitch, Avi | Yaakov, Ofer | Manenti, Raoul | Mori, Emiliano | Ficetola, Gentile Francesco | Lunghi, Enrico | March, David | Godley, Brendan J. | Martin, Cecilia | Mihaly, Steven, F. | Barclay, David, R. | Thomson, Dugald, J. M. | Dewey, Richard | Bedard, Jeannette | Miller, Aroha | Dearden, Amber | Chapman, Jennifer | Dares, Lauren | Borden, Laura | Gibbs, Donna | Schultz, Jessica | Sergeenko, Nikita | Francis, Fiona | Weltman, Amanda | Moity, Nicolas | Ramírez-González, Jorge | Mucientes, Gonzalo | Alonso-Fernández, Alexandre | Namir, Itai | Bar-Massada, Avi | Chen, Ron | Yedvab, Shmulik | Okey, Thomas, A. | Oppel, Steffen | Arkumarev, Volen | Bakari, Samuel | Dobrev, Vladimir | Saravia-Mullin, Victoria | Bounas, Anastasios | Dobrev, Dobromir | Kret, Elzbieta | Mengistu, Solomon | Pourchier, Cloé | Ruffo, Alazar | Tesfaye, Million | Wondafrash, Mengistu | Nikolov, Stoyan, C. | Palmer, Charles | Sileci, Lorenzo | Rex, Patrick, T. | Lowe, Christopher, G. | Peters, Francesc | Pine, Matthew, K. | Radford, Craig | Wilson, Louise | Mcwhinnie, Lauren | Scuderi, Alessia | Jeffs, Andrew, G. | Prudic, Kathleen, L. | Larrivée, Maxim | Mcfarland, Kent, P. | Solis, Rodrigo | Hutchinson, Rebecca, A. | Queiroz, Nuno | Furtado, Miguel, A. | Sims, David W. | Southall, Emily | Quesada-Rodriguez, Claudio, A. | Diaz-Orozco, Jessica, P. | Rodgers, Ku'Ulei, S. | Severino, Sarah, J. L. | Graham, Andrew, T. | Stefanak, Matthew, P. | Madin, Elizabeth M. P. | Ryan, Peter, G. | Maclean, Kyle | Weideman, Eleanor, A. | Şekercioğlu, Çağan, H. | Kittelberger, Kyle, D. | Kusak, Josip | Seminoff, Jeffrey A. | Hanna, Megan, E. | Shimada, Takahiro | Meekan, Mark, G. | Smith, Martin, K. S. | Mokhatla, Mohlamatsane, M. | Soh, Malcolm, C. K. | Pang, Roanna, Y. T. | Ng, Breyl, X. K. | Lee, Benjamin, P. Y.-H. | Loo, Adrian, H. B. | Er, Kenneth, B. H. | Souza, Gabriel, B. G. | Stallings, Christopher, D. | Curtis, Joseph, S. | Faletti, Meaghan, E. | Peake, Jonathan, A. | Schram, Michael, J. | Wall, Kara, R. | Terry, Carina | Rothendler, Matt | Zipf, Lucy | Ulloa, Juan, Sebastián | Hernández-Palma, Angélica | Gómez-Valencia, Bibiana | Cruz-Rodríguez, Cristian | Herrera-Varón, Yenifer | Roa, Margarita | Rodríguez-Buriticá, Susana | Ochoa Quintero, Jose Manuel | Vardi, Reut | Vázquez, Víctor | Requena-Mesa, Christian | Warrington, Miyako, H. | Taylor, Michelle, E. | Woodall, Lucy, C. | Stefanoudis, Paris V. | Zhang, Xiangliang | Yang, Qiang | Zukerman, Yuval | Sigal, Zehava | Ayali, Amir | Clua, Éric | Carzon, Pamela | Seguine, Clémentine | Corradini, Andrea | Pedrotti, Luca | Foley, Catherine, M. | Gagnon, Catherine, Alexandra | Panipakoochoo, Elijah | Milanes, Celene, B. | Botero, Camilo, M. | Velázquez, Yunior, R. | Milchakova, Nataliya, A. | Morley, Simon A. | Martin, Stephanie, M. | Nanni, Veronica | Otero, Tanya | Wakeling, Julia | Abarro, Sarah | Piou, Cyril | Sobral, Ana, F. L. | Soto, Eulogio H. | Weigel, Emily, G. | Bernal-Ibáñez, Alejandro | Gestoso, Ignacio | Cacabelos, Eva | Cagnacci, Francesca | Devassy, Reny, P. | Loretto, Matthias-Claudio | Moraga, Paula | Rutz, Christian | Duarte, Carlos M. | Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN) | Boston University [Boston] (BU) | Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre (NWAFC) ; Fisheries and Oceans Canada = Pêches et Océans Canada [Ottawa] (DFO-MPO) | King Abdullah University of Science and Technology [Saudi Arabia] (KAUST) | Ocean Wise Conservation Association | Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt = Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute | University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF) | University of Bucharest (UniBuc) | Research Centre for Systems Ecology and Sustainability ; University of Bucharest (UniBuc) | National Meteorological Administration [Bucharest] (NMA) | University of Toronto | Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment ; Royal Enclave | Swiss National Park - Parc Naziunal Svizzer | School of Psychology and Neuroscience [University of St. Andrews] ; University of St Andrews [Scotland] | Office for Nature and Environment of the Grisons | Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) ; Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH) | University of Pisa [Italy] = Università di Pisa [Italia] = Université de Pise [Italie] (UniPi) | Dalhousie University [Halifax] | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) | Société d’Observation Multi-Modale de l’Environnement [Plouzané] | Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval) | Québec-Océan ; Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval) | Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Biology Department (WHOI) ; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) | Fisheries and Oceans Canada = Pêches et Océans Canada [Ottawa] (DFO-MPO) | Department of Biology [Ottawa] (Carleton University) ; Carleton University | The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR) ; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) | Tel Aviv University (TAU) | Israel Nature and Parks Authority ; Partenaires INRAE | Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona (ICM) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Fundació ENT | Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA) ; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona = Autonomous University of Barcelona = Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) | School of Environment [Auckland, New Zealand] ; University of Auckland [Auckland] | Nord University [Bodø] | Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture [Bodø] ; University of Nordland | School of Natural Resources and the Environment [University of Arizona] ; University of Arizona | Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology ; University of Cape Town | Universität Wien = University of Vienna | Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS) ; University of Tasmania [Hobart] (UTAS) | Carijoa – Marine Environmental Consulting | Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology ; University of Tasmania [Hobart] (UTAS) | University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC) | Ocean Networks Canada | Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) | University of Manitoba [Winnipeg] | Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Seattle] ; University of Washington [Seattle] | University of the Sunshine Coast (USC) | School of Biological Sciences [Brisbane] ; The University of Queensland (UQ [All campuses : Brisbane, Dutton Park Gatton, Herston, St Lucia and other locations]) | Instituto de fisic Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC (CSIC-UIB)) | Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats = Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC)-Universitat de les Illes Balears = Universidad de las Islas Baleares = University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) | Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV) | Fundacion CEAM ; Fundacion CEAM | Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium | Beneath the Waves | Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) | McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario] | Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) ; University of Miami [Coral Gables] | Deakin University [Burwood] | Swansea University | Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) | Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) | Department of Aquatic Resources ; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) | Stockholm University | Hakai Institute | Cape Eleuthera Institute | Sydney Institute of Marine Science | Department of Biological Sciences [Sydney] ; Macquarie University | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Loggerhead Marinelife Center | Swiss Center for Affective Sciences (CISA) ; Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE) | Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia] | Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) | Simon Fraser University = Université Simon Fraser (SFU.ca) | Parks Canada Agency ; Partenaires INRAE | School of Geography and Environmental Sciences ; University of Southampton | University of British Columbia [Canada] (UBC) | University of Maine | University of New England (UNE) | Center for Wildlife Studies | EWHA Womans University (EWHA) | Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN) ; Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval) | Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU) | School of Life Sciences [Tempe, USA] ; Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU) | Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU) | Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research (ARI) | Victorian Fisheries Authority | Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki] ; Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki | Universidad Industrial de Santander [Bucaramanga] (UIS) | Pontificia universidad Javeriana, Cali | Universidad Autónoma de Occidente (UAO) | Department of Environmental Science and Policy [Milano] ; Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI) | Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems [CNR, Italy] (IRET) ; National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) | Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS) | Centre for Ecology and Conservation ; University of Exeter | College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter] ; University of Exeter | Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS) ; Charles Darwin Foundation | Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Ǧāmiʿat͏̈ Hayfā = University of Haifa | Steinhardt Museum of Natural History (SMNH) ; Tel Aviv University (TAU) | Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | RSPB Centre for Conservation Science ; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds (BSPB) | BirdLife International | Hellenic Ornithological Society | World Wide Fund (WWF) | Dilla University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Ethiopia | Sahara Conservation Fund | Addis Ababa University (AAU) | Hawassa University | Department of Geography & Environment - London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) ; London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) | California State University [Long Beach] (CSULB) | Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | University of Auckland [Auckland] | Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU) | Universidad de Cádiz = University of Cádiz (UCA) | Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences ; Universidad de Cádiz = University of Cádiz (UCA) | Montréal Insectarium | Vermont Center for Ecostudies | School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science [Oregon State University] ; Oregon State University (OSU) | Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos [Vairao] (CIBIO) ; Universidade do Porto = University of Porto | Marine Biological Association | Ecology Project International (EPI) | Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) ; University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM) | University of Utah | Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ; University of Zagreb | NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) | Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego) ; University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego) ; University of California (UC)-University of California (UC) | CSIRO Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre [Australia] ; The University of Western Australia (UWA) | Rondevlei Scientific Services, Garden Route National Park ; South African National Parks | Singapore Botanic Gardens | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [Brasil] = Federal University of Rio de Janeiro [Brazil] = Université fédérale de Rio de Janeiro [Brésil] (UFRJ) | College of Marine Science [St Petersburg, FL] ; University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF) | Coccosphere Environmental Analysis | Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC) ; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft | Bangor University | University of Oxford | Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE) ; Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Department of civil, environmental and mechanical engineering [Trento] ; Università degli Studi di Trento = University of Trento (UNITN) | Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio = Stelvio National Park (SNP) | Inuit Elder From the Community of Mittimatalik | Universidad de la Costa = University of la Costa (Unicosta) | Universidad Sergio Arboleda [Bogota, Colombie] (USA-Bogota) | Universidad de Oriente [Cuba] | Russian Academy of Science (RAS) | British Antarctic Survey (BAS) ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | Government of Tristan da Cunha | Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe) | Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) | University of the Azores | OKEANOS & Institute of Marine Research [Horta, Portugal] ; University of the Azores | Universidad de Valparaiso = Valparaiso University | Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta] | Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE) ; Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida = University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences (ISPA) | Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM) | Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior | School of Biology [University of St Andrews] ; University of St Andrews [Scotland] | The Canada Research Chairs program provided funding for the core writing team. Field research funding was provided by A.G. Leventis Foundation; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, [grant number ANR-18CE32-0010-01 (JCJC PEPPER)]; Agencia Estatal de Investigacion; Agencia Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigacao Tecnologia e Inovacao (ARDITI), [grant number M1420-09-5369-FSE-000002]; Alan Peterson; ArcticNet; Arkadaslar; U.S. Army Corp of Engineers Northwestern Division; Artificial Reef Program; Australia's Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), National Collaborative; Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), University of Tasmania; Australian Institute of Marine Science; Australian Research Council, [grant number LP140100222]; Bai Xian Asia Institute; BatubayOzkan; BC Hydro Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Bertarelli Foundation; Bertarelli Programme in Marine Science; Bilge Bahar; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Biology Society of South Australia; Boston University; Burak Over; California State Assembly member Patrick O'Donnell; California State University Council on Ocean Affairs, Science & Technology; California State University Long Beach; Canada Foundation for Innovation (Major Science Initiative Fund and funding to Oceans Network Canada), [grant number MSI 30199 for ONC]; Cape Eleuthera Foundation; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Charles Darwin Foundation, [grant number 2398]; Colombian Institute for the Development of Science and Technology (COLCIENCIAS), [grant number 8112018]; Colombian Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, [grant number 0041 -2020]; Columbia Basin Trust; Commission for Environmental Cooperation; Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Cultural Practices and Environmental Certification of Beaches, Universidad de la Costa, Colombia, [grant number INV. 1106-01-002-15, 2020-21]; Department of Conservation New Zealand; Direction de l'Environnement de Polynesie Francaise; Disney Conservation Fund; DSI-NRF Centre of; Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology; Ecology Project International; Emin Ozgur; Environment and Climate Change Canada; European Community: RTD programme -Species Support to Policies; European Commission Seventh Framework Programme; European Union; European Union's H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, [grant number 798091, 794938]; Faruk Eczacibasi; Faruk Yalcin Zoo; Field research funding was provided by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, [grant numbers FWC-12164, FWC-14026, FWC19050]; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche Nature et Technologies; Foundation Segre; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT Portugal); Galapagos National Park Directorate Research, [grant number PC-41-20]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, [grant number GBMF9881 and GBMF 8072]; Government of Tristan da Cunha; Habitat; Conservation Trust Foundation; Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment; Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Russia; Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Brazil; Israeli Academy of Science's Adams Fellowship; King Family Trust; Labex, CORAIL, France; Liber Ero Fellowship; LIFE (European Union), [grant number LIFE16 NAT/BG/000874]; Mar'a de Maeztu Program for Units of Excellence in R & D; Ministry of Science and Innovation, FEDER, SPASIMM; Spain, [grant number FIS2016-80067-P (AEI/FEDER, UE)]; MOE-Korea, [grant number 2020002990006]; Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund; Montreal Space for Life; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program; National Geographic Society, [grant number NGS-82515R-20]; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Parks Board -Singapore; National Science and Technology Specific Project of China; National Science Foundation, [grant number DEB1832016]; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); Korea Research Foundation (KRF-2021R1A2C1011213), Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE-2021003360002, 2020002990006), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Alliance COVID-19 grant program, [grant numbers ALLRP 550721 -20, RGPIN-2014-06229 (year: 2014), RGPIN-2016-05772 (year: 2016)]; Neiser Foundation; Nekton Foundation; Network of Centre of Excellence of Canada: ArcticNet; North Family Foundation; Ocean Tracking Network; Omer Kulahcio.glu; Oregon State University; Parks Canada Agency (Lake Louise, Yoho, and Kootenay Field Unit); Pew Charitable Trusts; Porsim Kanaf partnership; President's International Fellowship Initiative for postdoctoral researchers Chinese Academy of Sciences, [grant number 2019PB0143]; Red Sea Research Center; Regional Government of the Azores, [grant number M3.1a/F/025/2015]; Regione Toscana; Rotary Club of Rhinebeck; Save our Seas Foundation; Science & Technology (CSU COAST); Science City Davos, Naturforschende Gesellschaft Davos; Seha.Ismen; Sentinelle Nord program from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Servizio Foreste e Fauna (Provincia Autonoma di Trento); Sigrid Rausing Trust; Simon Fraser University; Sitka Foundation; Sivil Toplum Gelis tirme Merkezi Derne. gi; South African National Parks (SANParks); South Australian Department for Environment and Water; Southern California Tuna Club (SCTC); Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; State of California; Sternlicht Family Foundation; Suna Reyent; Sunshine Coast Regional Council; Tarea Vida, CEMZOC, Universidad de Oriente, Cuba, [grant number 10523, 2020]; Teck Coal; The Hamilton Waterfront Trust; The Ian Potter Foundation, Coastwest, Western Australian State NRM; The Red Sea Development Company; The Wanderlust Fund; The Whitley Fund; Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline; Tula Foundation (Hakai Institute); University of Arizona; University of Pisa; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey South Central Climate Science Center; Valencian Regional Government; Vermont Center for Ecostudies; Victorian Fisheries Authority; VMRC Fishing License Fund; and Wildlife Warriors Worldwide. | ANR-18-CE32-0010,PEPPER,Etude de l'émergence du polyphénisme de phase et des risques associés(2018)
The data supporting the findings of this study are available in the Supplementary Materials (Appendix 3, Appendix 4, Appendix 5, Tables A3-A5). Raw datasets (where available) and results summary tables for each analysis of human mobility and empirical datasets are deposited in a github repository: https://github.com/rjcommand/PAN-Environment.
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Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]anglais. Highlights: • The global COVID-19 lockdown has impacted nature and conservation programs. • Immediate effects are documented across the world and in all ecosystems. • Initial responses are biased towards established monitoring programs and networks. • Complex positive and negative effects were detected, some with cascading impacts. • Humans are important custodians of species and ecosystems.Abstract: The global lockdown to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic health risks has altered human interactions with nature. Here, we report immediate impacts of changes in human activities on wildlife and environmental threats during the early lockdown months of 2020, based on 877 qualitative reports and 332 quantitative assessments from 89 different studies. Hundreds of reports of unusual species observations from around the world suggest that animals quickly responded to the reductions in human presence. However, negative effects of lockdown on conservation also emerged, as confinement resulted in some park officials being unable to perform conservation, restoration and enforcement tasks, resulting in local increases in illegal activities such as hunting. Overall, there is a complex mixture of positive and negative effects of the pandemic lockdown on nature, all of which have the potential to lead to cascading responses which in turn impact wildlife and nature conservation. While the net effect of the lockdown will need to be assessed over years as data becomes available and persistent effects emerge, immediate responses were detected across the world. Thus, initial qualitative and quantitative data arising from this serendipitous global quasi-experimental perturbation highlights the dual role that humans play in threatening and protecting species and ecosystems. Pathways to favorably tilt this delicate balance include reducing impacts and increasing conservation effectiveness.
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