Morphology, Phenology, Yield, and Quality of Durum Wheat Cultivated within Organic Olive Orchards of the Mediterranean Area
2020
Panozzo, Anna | Huang, Hsinya | Bernazeau, Bruno | Vamerali, Teofilo | Samson, Marie Françoise | Desclaux, Dominique | Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd) | Domaine expérimental de Melgueil (MONTP MELGUEIL UE) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | European Project: 613520,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2013-7-single-stage,AGFORWARD(2014)
International audience
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]anglais. In the current context of climate change, tree-crop combinations in agroforestry systems are suggested to mitigate water and heat stresses, particularly in semi-arid environments of the Mediterranean area. In this framework, a 3-year trial was conducted at the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE) in Mauguio (Southern France) in order to investigate the response of twenty-five durum wheat genotypes under a yearly pruned (AF) and a never-pruned alley olive orchard (AF+), in comparison with an open field without trees (control, C). The grain yield of wheat was markedly reduced in both the agroforestry systems AF (average -43%) and AF+ (-83%), according to the shading level. Among the yield components, the plant density at harvest was enhanced in AF (+22%) and AF+ (+3%), although with a significant reduction in the number of grains per spike (-37% in AF and -62% in AF+), and the number of spikes per plant (-32% in AF and -52% in AF+). The thousand-grain weight (TGW) and harvest index (HI) were slightly higher under moderate shade (AF; +12% vs. C) and severe shading (AF+; +6%). Plant biomass and spike size were significantly reduced in both agroforestry systems, while the flag leaf-spike distance (last internode) increased in AF. It was concluded that the moderate shading conditions of AF may create a sustainable agricultural system, and the wide intraspecific variability suggested a large scope for screening suitable genotypes, helping to produce ideotypes to implement agroforestry-oriented breeding programs.
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