Examining the effect of feralization on craniomandibular morphology in pigs, Sus scrofa (Artiodactyla: Suidae)
2020
Neaux, Dimitri | Sansalone, Gabriele | Lecompte, François | Haruda, Ashleigh | Schafberg, Renate | Cucchi, Thomas | BioArchéologie, Interactions Sociétés Environnements (BioArch) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire de paléontologie, évolution, paléoécosystèmes, paléoprimatologie [UMR 7262] (Palevoprim [Poitiers]) ; Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | University of New England (UNE) | Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE) | Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC) ; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Plate-forme Phénotypage par imagerie in/ex vivo de l'Animal à la Molécule (Plate-forme PIXANIM) ; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC) ; Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg - Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg (MLU) | ANR-10-LABX-0003,BCDiv,Biological and Cultural Diversities : Origins, Evolution, Interactions, Future(2010) | ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011) | ANR-13-JSH3-0003,DOMEXP,Domestication expérimentale du sanglier (Sus scrofa): approche morpho-fonctionnelle et ontogénétique de la plasticité du squelette appendiculaire en contexte de captivité(2013)
International audience
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]anglais. Feralization is the process by which domestic animals return to the wild and produce self-sustaining populations. It is often considered as a model in understanding the permanence of morphological changes associated with domestication; however, it is still unclear how much the release of anthropogenic selective pressures affects domestic traits. Here, we assessed the influence of feralization on the domestic morphological traits acquired through selective breeding using craniomandibular differences in shape and size between populations of feral pigs, wild boar and domestic pigs, using landmark-based geometric morphometrics. Our results suggest that numerous cranial and mandibular traits associated with domestication still exist in feral specimens, corroborating that domestication-induced changes in the shape of morphological elements are broadly maintained in feral populations. This is not the case for size variations, however, as the cranium is significantly smaller in feral pigs than in domesticated breeds, which could be due to the selective pressures associated with founding events. Our exploratory study, therefore, underlines the complexity of feral population history, the intricate influence of variations in genetic diversity, and novel selection pressures in the morphology of these groups. Future studies will need to expand the sample to take into account the diversity of morphotypes.
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