Important features of strawberry genotypes and peculiarities of inheritance / | Svarbūs braškių genotipų požymiai ir paveldėjimo ypatumai.

The aim of the investigations carried out in the Central Russia was to study the inheritance of the most useful progeny features and find out strawberry genotypes promising as donors and sources of characteristics, which influence high yield and its quality, time of maturing, and high adaptability to climatic conditions. Cultivars are usually octoploids, and most features, including productivity, are inherited quantitatively. However, non-additive effects are important in the inheritance of yield components, especially of fruit size and inflorescence number. It means that some alleles or genes controlling one of the components reveal both dominance over each other and modifying effect towards the alleles or genes influencing opposed components. ‘Alpha’, ‘Estafeta’, and ‘Senga Sengana’ gave a significant part of high yielding seedlings; a few genotypes were sources of some yield components, but only ‘Alpha’ being used as a parent steadily passed feature of high productivity to progeny. Progenies of ‘Rubinovy Kulon’ from crosses with some cultivars had high percentage of large-fruited seedlings, but when the cultivar was intercrossed with two small-fruited testers, the genes controlling fruit size character revealed themselves only in the progeny of the tester with earlier time of ripening. Therefore, modifying genes may be present in the small-fruited clones. ‘Pandora’ is a donor of late flowering/ripening and male sterility of flowers linked to each other. The imperfection of flowers can be the cause of late flowering. If anthers are the place of synthesis of a flowering hormone and its quantity is dependent on pollen development, lower fertility of pollen and especially absence of stamens may lead to later flowering. It is found that ‘Sumas’ is possessed of a dominant gene controlling the highest level of frost tolerance among cultivars, and the cultivar is homozygous by the gene.