Accelerating Crop Breeding in the 21st Century: A Comprehensive Review of Next Generation Phenotyping Techniques and Strategies
2023
Munjal, Renu | Benıwal, Jogender | Dhundwal, Arjoo | Goyal, Alisha | Kumarı, Anita | Behl, Rishi K.
Biotic and abiotic stress factors significantly impede crop productivity and lead to substantial economic losses. Given theprojected human population of 9 billion by 2050 and the necessity to double current food production to meet the demandsof this growing populace, enhancing crop productivity has become a pressing concern. In recent years, substantial progresshas been made in the field of high-throughput phenotyping technologies, enabling precise measurements of desired traitsand efficient screening of large plant populations under diverse environmental conditions. These advancements involvethe integration of advanced robotics, high-tech sensors, imaging systems, and computing power to unravel the geneticbasis of complex traits associated with plant growth and development. Furthermore, advanced bioinformatics toolshave emerged to analyze the vast amounts of multi-dimensional, high-resolution data collected through phenotypingat both the genetic and whole-plant levels, considering specific environmental conditions and management practices.The integration of genotyping and phenotyping approaches facilitates a comprehensive understanding of gene functionsand their responses to various environmental stimuli. This integrated approach holds significant promise for identifyingsolutions to the major constraints limiting crop production. This review focuses on the recent breakthroughs in plantphenomics and various imaging techniques, emphasizing the applications of different high-throughput technologies inboth controlled and natural field conditions. These advancements are crucial steps towards addressing the challengesposed by stress factors and ultimately achieving sustainable and increased crop yields to meet the demands of the growingglobal population.
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